Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-fat dairy product consumption increases Δ9c’ 11t−18∶2 (rumenic acid) and total lipid concentrations of human milk

  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Conjugated octadecadienoic acids (18∶2’ conjugated linoleic acids) have been shown to be anticarcinogenic and may influence growth and nutrient partitioning. The Δ9c’ 11t−18∶2 isomer (rumenic acid’ RA) is most common in both food sources and human tissues. To determine if maternal diet can influence milk RA concentration’ breastfeeding women (n=16) were enrolled in a 3-wk crossover study. Women initially consumed minimal amounts of food containing RA during week 1’ then were assigned randomly to consume diets rich in high-fat dairy foods (and thus RA) during week 2 or 3. Milk was collected by complete breast expression twice during each experimental week. Current and chronic RA intakes were estimated by 3-d dietary records and food frequency question-naires’ respectively. Estimated chronic RA intakes ranged from 49 to 659 mg/d. Dietary RA intake was greater during the high compared to the low dairy period (291±75 vs. 15±24 mg/d’ respectively; P<0.0001). Milk contained more RA during the high than the low dairy period (13.5±0.1 vs. 8.2±0.4 μmol/g lipid’ respectively; P<0.0001). Milk lipid concentration was influenced by diet’ such that lipid concentration was greater during the high than the low dairy period (46.6±5.0 vs. 38.3±1.6 mg/g milk’ respectively; P<0.05). Additionally’ multiple regression analyses suggested that body mass index was the primary predictor of milk RA and lipid concentrations. In summary’ these data indicate that both lipid and RA concentrations of human milk can be influenced by diet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

BMI:

body mass index

CLA:

conjugated linoleic acid

GC:

gas chromatography

RA:

rumenic acid

References

  1. Fogerty’ A.C.’ Ford’ G.L.’ and Svoronos’ D. (1988) Octadeca-9’11-dienoic Acid in Foodstuffs and in the Lipids of Human Blood and Breast Milk’ Nutr. Rept. Intl. 38’ 937–944.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Lin’ H.’ Boylston’ T.D.’ Chang’ M.J.’ Luedecke’ L.O.’ and Shultz’ T.D. (1995) Survey of the Conjugated Linoleic Acid Contents of Dairy Products’ J. Dairy Sci. 78’ 2358–2365.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Chin’ S.F.’ Liu’ W.’ Storkson’ J.M.’ Ha’ Y.L.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1992) Dietary Sources of Conjugated Dienoic Isomers of Linoleic Acid’ a Newly Recognized Class of Anticarcinogens’ J. Food Comp. Anal. 5’ 185–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Herbel’ B.K.’ McGuire’ M.K.’ McGuire’ M.A.’ and Shultz’ T.D. (1998) Safflower Oil Consumption Does Not Increase Plasma Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentrations in Humans’ Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 67’ 332–337.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pariza’ M.W.’ and Hargraves’ W.A. (1985) Beef Derived Mutagenesis Modulator Inhibits Initiation of Mouse Epidermal Tumors by 7’ 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene’ Carcinogenesis 6’ 591–593.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kramer’ J.K.G.’ Parodi’ P.W.’ Jensen’ R.G.’ Mossoba’ M.M.’ Yurawecz’ M.P.’ and Adlof’ R.O. (1998) Rumenic Acid: A Proposed Common Name for the Major Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer Found in Natural Products’ Lipids 33’ 835.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ha’ Y.L.’ Storkson’ J.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1990) Inhibition of Benzo(a)pyrene-induced Mouse Forestomach Neoplasia by Conjugated Dienoic Derivatives of Linoleic Acid’ Cancer Res. 50’ 1097–1101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ip’ C.’ Chin’ S.F.’ Scimeca’ J.A.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1991) Mammary Cancer Prevention by Conjugated Dienoic Derivatives of Linoleic Acid’ Cancer Res. 51’ 6118–6124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ip’ C.’ Briggs’ S.P.’ Haegele’ A.D.’ Thompson’ H.J.’ Storkson’ J.’ and Scimeca’ J.A. (1996) The Efficacy of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Mammary Cancer Prevention Is Independent of the Level or Type of Fat in the Diet’ Carcinogenesis 17’ 1045–1050.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Belury’ M.A.’ Bird’ C.’ and Wu’ B. (1995) Dietary Conjugated Dienoic Linoleate Modulation of Phorbol Ester-elicited Tumor Promotion in Mouse Skin’ Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 36’ A596 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shultz’ T.D.’ Chew’ B.P.’ Seaman’ W.R.’ and Luedecke’ L.O. (1992) Inhibitory Effect of Conjugated Dienoic Derivatives of Linoleic Acid and Beta-Carotene on the in Vitro Growth of Human Cancer Cells’ Cancer Lett. 63’ 125–133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shultz’ T.D.’ Chew’ B.P.’ and Seaman’ W.R. (1992) Differential Stimulatory and Inhibitory Responses of Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to Linoleic Acid and Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Culture’ Anticancer Res. 12’ 2143–2146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cunningham’ D.C.’ Harrison’ L.Y.’ and Shultz’ T.D. (1997) Proliferative Responses of Normal Human Mammary and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to Linoleic Acid’ Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Eicosanoid Synthesis Inhibitors in Culture’ Anticancer Res. 17’ 197–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cave’ W.T.’ Jr. (1991) Dietary n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Effects on Animal Tumorigenesis’ FASEB J. 5’ 2160–2166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ip’ C.’ Scimeca’ J.A.’ and Thompson’ H.J. (1994) Conjugated Linoleic Acid’ Cancer 74’ 1050–1054.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chin’ S.F.’ Storkson’ J.M.’ Albright’ K.J.’ Cook’ M.E.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1994) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Is a Growth Factor for Rats as Shown by Enhanced Weight Gain and Improved Feed Efficiency’ J. Nutr. 124’ 2344–2349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. McGuire’ M.K.’ Park’ Y.S.’ Behre’ R.A.’ Harrison’ L.Y.’ Shultz’ T.D.’ and McGuire’ M.A. (1997) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentration of Human Milk and Infant Formula’ Nutr. Res. 17’ 1277–1283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nutritionist IV’ Diet Analysis and Nutrition Evaluation. Version 2.0’ N-Squared Computing’ Inc.’ Salem’ OR (1993).

  19. Ha’ Y.L.’ Grimm’ N.K.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1987) Anticarcinogens from Fried Ground Beef: Heat-altered Derivatives of Linoleic Acid’ Carcinogenesis 8’ 1881–1887.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ha’ Y.L.’ Grimm’ N.K.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1989) Newly Recognized Anticarcinogenic Fatty Acids: Identification and Quantification in Natural and Processed Cheeses’ J. Agric. Food Chem. 37’ 75–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Garcia-Lopez’ S.’ Echeverria’ E.’ Tsui’ I.’ and Balch’ B. (1994) Changes in the Content of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) in Processed Cheese During Processing’ Food Res. Int. 27’ 61–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Shantha’ N.C.’ Decker’ E.A.’ and Ustunol’ Z. (1994) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentration in Processed Cheese’ J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 69’ 425–428.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bligh’ E.G.’ and Dyer’ W.J. (1959) A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification’ Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37’ 911–917.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Werner’ S.A.’ Luedecke’ L.O.’ and Shultz’ T.D. (1992) Determination of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content and Isomer Distribution in Three Cheddar-type Cheeses: Effects of Cheese Cultures’ Processing’ and Aging’ J. Agric. Food Chem. 40’ 1817–1821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. SAS Institute Inc. (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide’ Version 6’ Vol. 2’ Cary’ pp. 891–996.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ratkowsky’ D.A.’ Evans’ M.A.’ and Alldredge’ J.R. (1993) Cross-over Experiments: Design’ Analysis’ and Application’ pp. 121–161’ Marcel Dekker’ Inc.’ New York.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jensen’ R.G.’ Lammi-Keefe’ C.J.’ Hill’ D.W.’ Kind’ A.J.’ and Henderson’ R. (1998) The Anticarcinogenic Conjugated Fatty Acid’ 9c’ 11t−18∶2’ in Human Milk: Confirmation of Its Presence’ J. Hum. Lact. 14’ 23–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Aneja’ R.P.’ and Murthi’ T.N. (1990) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Contents of Indian Curds and Ghee’ Indian J. Dairy Sci. 43’ 231–238.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Motil’ K.J.’ Sheng’ H.P.’ and Montandon’ C.M. (1994) Case Report: Failure to Thrive in a Breast-fed Infant Is Associated with Maternal Dietary Protein and Energy Restriction’ J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 13’ 203–208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Strode’ M.A.’ Dewey’ K.G.’ and Lonnerdal’ B. (1986) Effects of Short-term Caloric Restriction on Lactational Performance of Well-Nourished Women’ Acta Pediatr. Scand. 75’ 222–229.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ruel’ M.T.’ Dewey’ K.G.’ Martinez’ C.’ Flores’ R.’ and Brown’ K.H. (1997) Validation of Single Daytime Samples of Human Milk to Estimate the 24-h Concentration of Lipids in Urban Guatemalan Mothers’ Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65’ 439–444.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lovelady’ C.A.’ Nommsen’ L.A.’ McCrory’ M.A.’ and Dewey’ K.G. (1996) Relationship of Human Milk Lipid Concentration to Maternal Body Composition and Dietary Fat Intake’ Fed. Proc. 10’ A1156 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Selner’ D.R.’ and Shultz’ L.H. (1980) Effects of Feedirg Oleic Acid or Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils to Lactating Cows’ J. Dairy Sci. 63’ 1235–1241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wonsil’ B.J.’ Herbein’ J.H.’ and Watkins’ B.A. (1994) Dietary and Ruminally Derived Trans-18∶1 Fatty Acids Alter Bovine Milk Lipids’ J. Nutr. 124’ 556–565.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Gaynor’ P.J.’ Erdman’ R.A.’ Teter’ B.B.’ Capuco’ A.V.’ and Waldo’ D.R. (1996) Glucose and Norepinephrine Challenges During Abomasal Infusion of Cis or Trans Octadecenoates in Holstein Cows’ J. Dairy Sci. 79’ 1590–1595.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gaynor’ P.J.’ Erdman’ R.A.’ Teter’ B.B.’ Capuco’ A.V.’ and Waldo’ D.R. (1995) Milk Fat Depression’ the Glucogenic Theory’ and Trans-C18∶1 Fatty Acids’ J. Dairy Sci. 78’ 2008–2015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Teter’ B.B.’ Sampugna’ J.’ and Keeny’ M. (1990) Milk Fat Depression in C57b1/6j Mice Consuming Partially Hydrogenated Fat’ J. Nutr. 120’ 818–824.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Koletzko’ B. (1992) Trans Fatty Acids May Impair Biosynthesis of Long-chain Polyunsaturates and Growth in Man’ Acta Pediatr. 81’ 302–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gibson’ R.S. (1990) Food Consumption of Individuals’ in Principles of Nutritional Assessment’ pp. 42–43’ Oxford University Press’ New York.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Hilakivi-Clarke’ L.’ Onojafe’ I.’ Raygada’ M.’ Cho’ E.’ Clarke’ R.’ and Lippman’ M.E. (1996) Breast Cancer Risk in Rats Fed a Diet High in n−6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Pregnancy’ J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88’ 1821–1827.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Newcomb’ P.A.’ Storer’ B.E.’ and Longnecker’ M.P. (1994) Lactation and a Reduced Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer’ N. Engl. J. Med. 330’ 81–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. United Kingdom National Case-Control Study Group (1993) Breast Feeding and Risk of Breast Cancer in Young Women’ Br. Med. J. 307’ 17–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Yoo’ K.Y.’ Tajima’ K.’ Kuroishi’ T.’ Hirose’ K.’ Yoshida’ M.’ Miura’ S.’ and Murai’ H. (1992) Independent Protective Effect of Lactation Against Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Japan’ Am. J. Epidemiol. 135’ 726–733.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Knekt’ P.’ Jarvinen’ R.’ Seppanen’ R.’ Pukkala’ E.’ and Aroma’ A. (1996) Intake of Dairy Products and the Risk of Breast Cancer’ Br. J. Cancer 73’ 687–691.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Park’ Y.’ Albright’ K.J.’ Liu’ W.’ Storkson’ J.M.’ Cook’ M.E.’ and Pariza’ M.W. (1997) Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Body Composition in Mice’ Lipids 32’ 853–858.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, 99164-6376, Pullman, Washington

    Yongsoon Park, Michelle K. McGuire & Terry D. Shultz

  2. Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, 83844-2330, Moscow, Idaho

    Mark A. McGuire

  3. Gritman Medical Center, 83843, Moscow, Idaho

    Rebecca Behr

  4. Program in Statistics, Washington State University, 99164-3144, Pullman, Washington

    Marc A. Evans

Authors
  1. Yongsoon Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michelle K. McGuire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rebecca Behr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mark A. McGuire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marc A. Evans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Terry D. Shultz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michelle K. McGuire.

About this article

Cite this article

Park, Y., McGuire, M.K., Behr, R. et al. High-fat dairy product consumption increases Δ9c’ 11t−18∶2 (rumenic acid) and total lipid concentrations of human milk. Lipids 34, 543–549 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-999-0396-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-999-0396-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation