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Effect of dietary cholesterol on low density lipoprotein-receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mRNA expression in healthy humans

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Lipids

Abstract

We investigated the possibility that dietary cholesterol downregulates the expression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase genes of circulating mononuclear cells in vivo in healthy humans. We also studied the variations of the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) gene in the same conditions. Dieters (n=5) were submitted to a 4-d fat restriction (mean cholesterol intake: 6±4 mg/d), followed by a 7-d cholesterol (a mean of 791±150 mg/d) supplementation. Controls (n=3) did not change their diet. During fat restriction, serum total and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly (P<0.05), and LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA copy numbers in mononuclear cells increased by 57 and 147%, respectively (P<0.05). After reintroducing cholesterol, serum cholesterol was stable whereas LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA decreased by 46 and 72% (P<0.05) and LRP mRNA increased by 59% (P<0.005). The changes in LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA abundance were correlated (r=+0.79, P=0.02) during cholesterol reintroduction as were LDL receptor and LRP mRNA levels, but negatively (r=−0.70, P=0.05). Also, 70% of the variability in LRP mRNA (P<0.005) was explained by dietary cholesterol. Thus, the basic mechanisms regulating cellular cholesterol content, the coordinate feedback repression of genes governing the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol, are operating in vivo in humans. However, serum cholesterol did not increase in response to dietary cholesterol, suggesting that these mechanisms may not play as predominant a role as previously believed in the short-term control of serum cholesterol in vivo in humans. A new finding is that LRP gene is also sensitive to dietary cholesterol, suggesting that it may participate in the control of serum cholesterol. Further in vivo studies in humans are warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms of the physiological response to dietary cholesterol in humans.

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Abbreviations

CHD:

coronary heart disease

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

TIMG-CoA:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA

LDL:

low density lipoprotein

LRP:

LDL-receptor-related protein

RT-PCR:

reverse transcriptase-polymercse chain reaction

VLDL:

very low density lipoprotein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Explerations Fonctionnelles Cardiorespiratories et Métaboliques, CHU de saint-Etienne, niveau, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France

    Michel de Lorgeril, Patricia Salen & André Geyssant

  2. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmaco-Toxicologie, Niveau, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France

    Philippe Boucher, Pierre Crozier & Jean-Jacques Vallon

  3. Hôpital E Herriot, Hôpital Cardiologique, niveau, 42055 Saint-Etienne Cedex 02, France

    Jacques Delaye

  4. The Laboratoire de Génétique, CNRS UMR-5641, Université Claude Bernard, niveau, Lyon, France

    Robert Dante

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  1. Philippe Boucher
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  2. Michel de Lorgeril
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Boucher, P., de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P. et al. Effect of dietary cholesterol on low density lipoprotein-receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mRNA expression in healthy humans. Lipids 33, 1177–1186 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-998-0321-8

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