Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipid composition in mice

  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a chemoprotective fatty acid that inhibits mammary, colon, forestomach, and skin carcinogenesis in experimental animals. We hypothesize that the ubiquitous chemoprotective actions of dietary CLA in extrahepatic tissues are dependent upon its role in modulating fatty acid composition and metabolism in liver, the major organ for lipid metabolism. This study begins to evaluate the role of CLA in lipid metabolism by determining the modulation of fatty acid composition by CLA. Female SENCAR mice were fed semipurified diets containing 0.0% (Diet A), 0.5% (Diet B), 1.0% (Diet C), or 1.5% (Diet D) CLA (by weight) for six weeks. Mice fed Diets B, C, and D exhibited lower body weights and elevated amounts of extractable total lipid in livers compared with mice fed diets without CLA (Diet A). Analyses of the fatty acid composition of liver by gas chromatography revealed that dietary CLA was incorporated into neutral and phospholipids at the expense of linoleate in Diets B, C, and D; oleate increased and arachidonate decreased in neutral lipids of CLA diet groups. In addition, increasing dietary CLA was associated with reduced linoleate in hepatic phospholipids. In an in vitro assay, CLA was desaturated to an unidentified 18:3 product to a similar extent as linoleate conversion to γ-linolenate (9.88, and 13.63%, respectively). These data suggest that CLA may affect metabolic interconversion of fatty acids in liver that may ultimately result in modified fatty acid composition and arachidonate-derived eicosanoid production in extrahepatic tissues. In addition to determining how dietary CLA modulates eicosanoid synthesis, further work is needed to identify enzymatic products that may result from desaturation of CLA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CLA:

conjugated linoleic acid

FAME:

fatty acid methyl ester

GC:

gas-liquid chromatography

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acid

References

  1. Belury, M.A. (1995) Conjugated Dienoic Linoleate: A Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid with Unique Chemoprotective Properties, Nutr. Rev. 53, 83–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Belury, M.A., Nickel, K.P., Bird, C.E., and Wu, Y. (1996) Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulation of Phorbol Ester Skin Tumor Promotion, Nutr. Cancer 26, 149–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ip, C., Scimeca, J.A., and Thompson, H. (1995) Effect of Timing and Duration of Dietary Conjugated Dienoic Linoleic Acid on Mammary Cancer Prevention, Nutr. Cancer 24, 241–247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ip, C., Briggs, S.P., Haegele, A.D., Thompson, H., Storkson, J., and Scimeca, J.A. The Efficacy of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Mammary Cancer Prevention Is Independent of Level or Type of Fat in the Diet, Carcinogenesis 17, 1045–1050.

  5. Liew, C., Schut, H.A.J., Chin, S.F., Pariza, M.W., and Dashwood, R.H. (1995) Protection of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Against 2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo[4,5-F]Quinoline-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in the F344 Rat: A Study of Inhibitory Mechanisms, Carcinogenesis 16, 3037–3044.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Chin, S.F., Liu, W., Storkson, J.M., Ha, Y.L., and Pariza, M.W. (1992) Dietary Sources of Conjugated Dienoic Isomers of Linoleic Acid, A Newly Recognized Class of Anticarcinogens, J. Food Comp. Anal. 5, 185–197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ip, C., Singh, M., Thompson, H.J., and Scimeca, J.A. (1994) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Suppresses Mammary Carcinogenesis and Proliferative Activity of the Mammary Gland in the Rat, Cancer Res. 54, 1212–1215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ip, C., Singh, M., Thompson, H.J., and Scimeca, J.A. (1991) Mammary Cancer Prevention by Conjugated Dienoic Derivative of Linoleic Acid, Cancer Res. 51, 6118–6124.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ha, Y.L., Storkson, J., and Pariza, M.W. (1990) Inhibition of Benzo(A)Pyrene-Induced Mouse Forestomach Neoplasia by Conjugated Derivatives of Linoleic Acid, Cancer Res. 50, 1097–1101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Abou-El-Ela, S.H., Prasse, K.W., Farrell R.L., Carroll, R.W., Wade, A.E., and Bunce, O.R. (1989) Effects of d,l-2-dinitrofluoromethylornithine and Indomethacin on Mammary Tumor Promotion in Rats Fed High n-3 and/or n-6 Diets, Cancer Res. 49, 1434–1440.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bull, A.W., Bronstein, J.C., and Nigro, N.D. (1989) The Essential Fatty Acid Requirement for Azoxymethane-Induced Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Rats, Lipids 24, 340–346.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fischer, S.M., Cameron, G.S., Baldwin, J.K., Jasheway, D.W., Patrick, K.E., and Belury, M.A. (1989) Arachidonic Acid Cascade and Multistage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin, in Skin Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and Human Relevance (Slaga, T.J., Klein-Szanto, A.J.P., Boutwell, R.K., Spitzer, H.L., and D’Motto, B., eds.) pp. 249–264, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Banni, S., Day, B.W., Evans, R.W., Corongiu, F.P., and Lombardi, B. (1995) Detection of Conjugated Diene Isomers of Linoleic Acid in Liver Lipids of Rats Fed Choline-Deficient Diet Indicates That the Diet Does Not Cause Lipoperoxidation, J. Nutr. Biochem. 6, 281–289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. American Institute of Nutrition (1977) Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc Committee on Standards for Nutritional Studies, J. Nutr. 107, 1340–1348.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bligh, E.G., and Dyer, W.J. (1959) A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification, Can. J. Biochem. 37, 911–917.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hamilton, J.G., and Comai, K. (1988) Rapid Separation of Neutral Lipids, Free Fatty Acids and Polar Lipids Using Pre-Packed Silica Sep-Pak Columns, Lipids 23, 1146–1149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shantha, N.C., Decker, E.A., and Hennig, B. (1993) Comparison of Methylation Methods for the Quantitation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers, J. Assoc. Off. Agri. Chem. 76, 644–649.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Belury, M.A., Lee, W.-Y., Lo, S., Locniskar, M., and Fischer, S.M. (1993) Dietary n-6 Fatty Acid Modulation of Phorbol Ester-Associated Events in Mouse Skin, Nutr. Cancer 19, 307–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Huang, Y.-C., Luedecke, L.O., and Shultz, T.D. (1994) Effect of Cheddar Cheese Consumption on Plasma Conjugated Linoleic Acid Concentrations in Men, Nutrition Res. 14, 373–386.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Leyton, J., Lee, M.L., Locniskar, M., Belury, M.A., Slaga, T.J., Bechtel, D., and Fischer, S.M. (1991) Effects of Dietary Fat on Phorbol Ester-Elicited Tumor Promotion and Other Events in Mouse Skin, Cancer Res. 51, 907–915.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Belury, M.A., Leyton, J.L., Patrick, K.E., Cumberland, A.G., Locniskar, M., and Fischer, S.M. (1991) Modulation of Phorbol Ester-Elicited Events in Mouse Epidermis by Dietary n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids, Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, Essent. Fatty Acids 44, 19–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Connor, T.P., Roebuck, B.D., Peterson, F.J., Lokesh, B., Kinsella, J.E., and Campbell, T.C. (1989) Effect of Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids on Development of Azaserine-Incidence and Preneoplastic Lesions in Rat Pancreas, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81, 858–863.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cook, M.E., Miller, C.C. Park, Y., and Pariza, M. (1993) Immune Modulation by Altered Nutrient Metabolism: Nutritional Control of Immune-Induced Growth Depression, Poultry Sci. 72, 1301–1305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chin, S.F., Storkson, J.M., Liu, W., Albright, K.J., and Pariza, M.W. (1994) Conjugated Linoleic Acid (9,11- and 10,12-octadecadienoic acid) Is Produced in Conventional But Not Germ-Free Rats Fed Linoleic Acid, J. Nutr. 124, 694–701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee, K.N., Kritchevsky, D., and Pariza, M.W. (1994) Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Atherosclerosis in Rabbits, Atherosclerosis 108, 19–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Tugwood, J.D., Issemann, I., Anderson, R.G., Bundell, K.R., McPheat, W.L., and Green, S. (1992) The Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Recognizes a Response Element in the 5I Flanking Sequence of the Rat Acyl CoA Oxidase Gene, EMBO J. 11, 433–439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Vanden Heuvel, J.P., Sterchele, P.F., Nesbit, D.J., and Peterson, R.E. (1993) Coordinate Induction of Acyl-CoA Binding Protein, Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Peroxisomal β-Oxidation by Peroxisome Proliferators, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1177, 183–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Aldridge, T.C., Tugwood, J.D., and Green, S. (1995) Identification and Characterization of DNA Elements Implicated in the Regulation of CYP4A1 Transcription, Biochem. J. 306, 473–479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 1264 Stone Hall, 47907, West Lafayette, IN

    Martha A. Belury & Anna Kempa-Steczko

Authors
  1. Martha A. Belury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anna Kempa-Steczko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

About this article

Cite this article

Belury, M.A., Kempa-Steczko, A. Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipid composition in mice. Lipids 32, 199–204 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0025-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0025-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation