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Hempseed Products Fed to Hens Effectively Increased n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Total Lipids, Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid of Egg Yolk

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Lipids

Abstract

Hempseed products represent potential alternative feed ingredients for poultry. However, their usage is not currently approved due to a lack of data to support their safety and efficacy. In this regard, the current study was conducted to assess the impact of dietary concentration of hempseed (HS) products and duration of their feeding to hens on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of egg yolk lipids. In the current study, 48 Lohmann LSL-Classic hens were individually housed in metabolism cages, in a completely randomized design, and provided one of six diets (wheat-barley-soybean-based) containing either HS (10, 20 and 30 %), hempseed oil (HO; 4.5 and 9.0 %) or no hempseed product (control) over 12 weeks. Increasing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake via increasing dietary hempseed product inclusion, significantly (p < 0.0001) increased the n-3 PUFA contents of yolk total lipid. The values of ALA increased by 12-fold (152 ± 3.56 and 156 ± 2.42 mg/yolk) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by twofold to threefold (41.3 ± 1.57 and 43.6 ± 1.61 mg/yolk) over the control, for the highest levels of HS and HO inclusion, respectively. Increasing levels of hemp products in laying hen diets proved effective in manipulating the fatty acid profile of the total lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG) and total phospholipid (PL) fractions of yolks, enhancing the n-3 fatty acids and reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio. The latter benefit was achieved within 4 weeks of feeding hens either HS- or HO-containing diets.

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Abbreviations

ADF:

Acid detergent fibre

ALA:

Alpha-Linolenic (C18:3n-3)

ARA:

Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6)

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3)

DPA:

Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3)

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3)

GLA:

Gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6)

HS:

Hempseed

HO:

Hempseed oil

LA:

Linoleic acid (C18:2n-6)

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

NDF:

Neutral detergent fiber

PL:

Phospholipid

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid(s)

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance (CHTA; Winnipeg, MB, Canada); Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program (CAAP; Ottawa, ON, Canada) and Province of Manitoba Science and Technology International Collaboration Fund (Winnipeg, MB, Canada). In addition, the authors acknowledge statistical assistance from Drs. G. H. Crow and L. Onischuk (Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba), technical assistance from N. Gakhar (Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba) and support with animal care from J. Levandoski and A. Chartier (Poultry Research Unit, University of Manitoba).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    M. Neijat & J. D. House

  2. Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada

    M. Suh, J. Neufeld & J. D. House

  3. Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2E1, Canada

    M. Suh & J. D. House

  4. Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada

    J. D. House

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  1. M. Neijat
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  4. J. D. House
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Correspondence to J. D. House.

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Neijat, M., Suh, M., Neufeld, J. et al. Hempseed Products Fed to Hens Effectively Increased n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Total Lipids, Triacylglycerol and Phospholipid of Egg Yolk. Lipids 51, 601–614 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-015-4088-7

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