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How Selected Tissues of Lactating Holstein Cows Respond to Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation

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Lipids

Abstract

The effect of a 10-week supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids [via sunflower oil/DHA-rich algae (SUNA) or linseed oil/DHA-rich algae (LINA) enriched diets] versus saturated fatty acids (SAT) of lactating German Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation on expression patterns of lipid metabolism-associated genes and gene products in hepatic, longissimus muscle and subcutaneous/perirenal/omental adipose tissue was assessed. Most pronounced transcriptomic responses to dietary PUFA were obtained in hepatic [down-regulated ACACA (FC = 0.83, SUNA; FC = 0.86, LINA), FADS1 (FC = 0.60, SUNA; FC = 0.72, LINA), FADS2 (FC = 0.64, SUNA; FC = 0.79, LINA), FASN (FC = 0.64, SUNA; FC = 0.72, LINA), SCD (FC = 0.37, SUNA; FC = 0.47, LINA) and SREBF1 (FC = 0.79, SUNA, LINA) expression] and omental adipose [up-regulated ACACA (FC = 1.58, SUNA; FC = 1.22, LINA), ADFP (FC = 1.33, SUNA; FC = 1.32, LINA), CEBPA (FC = 1.75, SUNA; FC = 1.40, LINA), FASN (FC = 1.57, SUNA; FC = 1.21, LINA), LPL (FC = 1.50, SUNA; FC = 1.20, LINA), PPARG (FC = 1.36, SUNA; FC = 1.12, LINA), SCD (FC = 1.41, SUNA; FC = 1.17, LINA) and SREBF1 (FC = 1.56, SUNA; FC = 1.18, LINA) expression] tissue. Interestingly, gene/gene product associations were comparatively low in hepatic and omental adipose tissue compared with longissimus muscle, perirenal adipose and subcutaneous adipose tissue, indicating matches only in regard to minor concentrations of SCD product 18:1c9, FADS1 product 20:4n-6 and FADS2 product 18:3n-6 in hepatic tissue, and higher concentrations of ACACA and FASN gene products 12:0 and 14:0 and SCD product 18:2c9,t11 in omental adipose tissue. Whereas all analyzed tissues accumulated dietary PUFA and their ruminally generated biohydrogenation products, tissue-divergent preferences for certain fatty acids were identified. This descriptive study reports tissue-divergent effects of dietary PUFA and outlines the significance of a PUFA intervention with regard to dairy cows’ nutritional management.

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Abbreviations

ACACA:

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase α

ACLY:

ATP citrate lyase

B2M:

β2-Microglobulin

ADFP:

Adipophilin

CD36:

Cluster of differentiation 36

CEBPA:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α

CEBPB:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β

CHRNA1:

cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, α1

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EEF1A2:

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 α2

FADS1:

Δ5 Desaturase

FADS2:

Δ6 Desaturase

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester(s)

FASN:

Fatty acid synthase

FC:

Fold change

FDFT1:

Farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1

GAPDH:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

LC-PUFA:

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)

LINA:

Linseed oil/algae

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

MTTP:

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid(s)

PPARG:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

RPS9:

Ribosomal protein S9

SAT:

Rumen-protected saturated fat

SCD:

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase

SEMA3C:

Sema domain 3C

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid(s)

SREBF1:

Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1

SUNA:

Sunflower oil/algae

TFA:

Total fatty acids

UXT:

Ubiquitously expressed transcript

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Acknowledgments

The study was conducted and financially supported by EU Project No. FOOD-CT-2006-36241 and Colciencias Project No. 11545221319. The authors express their thanks to M. Dahm and B. Jentz for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Units Muscle Biology and Growth and Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany

    Beate Hiller, Gerd Nuernberg & Karin Nuernberg

  2. Group Grica, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Antioquia, AA 1226, Medellín, Colombia

    Joaquin Angulo & Martha Olivera

Authors
  1. Beate Hiller
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  2. Joaquin Angulo
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  3. Martha Olivera
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Correspondence to Beate Hiller.

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Hiller, B., Angulo, J., Olivera, M. et al. How Selected Tissues of Lactating Holstein Cows Respond to Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation. Lipids 48, 357–367 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-012-3737-3

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