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Serum Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Concentrations are Elevated in Patients with Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis and are Related to Features of the Metabolic Syndrome

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Serum small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) concentrations were measured in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease (CAD) and compared to concentrations in healthy subjects. Five hundred and seventy patients with stable CAD were divided into CAD− and CAD+ based on angiography. Patients in whom stenosis was <50 % in diameter were classified as having a ‘normal’ angiogram (CAD−), otherwise the patients were allocated to the CAD+ group. The CAD+ group was further subcategorized into single-, double- and triple-vessel disease (VD). Serum sd-LDL concentrations were significantly lower in controls compared with CAD+ and CAD− patients (P < 0.001). Moreover, CAD+ patients had higher concentrations of sd-LDL than CAD− patients (P < 0.01). sd-LDL levels were not significantly associated with severity of CAD defined by the number of stenosed coronary arteries (P = 0.245). All participants were also categorized into subgroups with or without metabolic syndrome. Subjects with metabolic syndrome had higher levels of sd-LDL than subjects without metabolic syndrome (P < 0.01). Multiple linear regressions showed that in CAD patients, triacylglycerol, total-cholesterol, body mass index, and waist circumferences were the most important determinants of serum sd-LDL concentrations. We found that sd-LDL levels were significantly higher in patients presenting with symptoms of CAD. Moreover, patients with significant stenosis of their coronary arteries (>50 % stenosis) had higher levels of sd-LDL compared to patients without significant lesions.

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Abbreviations

AHA/NHLBI:

American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

ANOVA:

One-way analysis of variance

BMI:

Body mass index

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

CAD:

Coronary artery Disease

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

HDL-C:

High density lipoprotein cholesterol

hs-CRP:

High sensitive C-reactive protein

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

Sd-LDL:

Small-dense low-density lipoprotein

SPECT:

Single photon emission computed tomography

SVD:

Single vessel disease

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Acknowledgments

The Mashhad University of Medical Science has provided the financial supports for this study. We are particularly grateful to the patients and their family members who volunteered to participate in this study. We are particularly grateful to Ms. Zahra Gharaie Sheyda for data analysis. The results presented in this work have been taken from Shima Yazdandoust’s thesis in Mashhad University of Medical Science.

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Science Research Campus of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Shima Yazdandoust & Parichehreh Yaghmaei

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran

    Shima Yazdandoust, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh, Amir Ali Rahsepar, Shima Tavallaie, Mohammad Soukhtanloo, Roshanak Khojasteh & Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohsen Moohebati, Amir Ali Rahsepar, Shima Tavallaie, Roghayeh Paydar, Afsoon Fazlinezhad, Homa Falsoleiman, Mashalla Dehghani & Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

  4. Faculty of Health, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, University of Keele, Staffordshire, UK

    Gordon A. Ferns

Authors
  1. Shima Yazdandoust
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  2. Seyyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
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  3. Mohsen Moohebati
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  4. Parichehreh Yaghmaei
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  5. Amir Ali Rahsepar
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  6. Shima Tavallaie
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  8. Roshanak Khojasteh
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  9. Roghayeh Paydar
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  10. Afsoon Fazlinezhad
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  11. Homa Falsoleiman
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  12. Mashalla Dehghani
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  13. Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
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  14. Gordon A. Ferns
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan.

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Yazdandoust, S., Parizadeh, S.M.R., Moohebati, M. et al. Serum Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Concentrations are Elevated in Patients with Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis and are Related to Features of the Metabolic Syndrome. Lipids 47, 963–972 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-012-3706-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-012-3706-x

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