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Postprandial Lipemia Detects the Effect of Soy Protein on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Compared with the Fasting Lipid Profile

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Lipids

Abstract

Studies examining the effect of soy protein on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have not taken advantage of the postprandial state as an adjunct to the fasting lipid profile. The American Heart Association has acknowledged the efficacy of soy protein in reducing CVD risk factors to be limited. We hypothesized that the postprandial state would be more sensitive to any favorable changes associated with consuming soy protein compared with the fasting lipid profile. Furthermore, the presence of isoflavones in soy would enhance this effect. Thirty sedentary males aged 18–30 years were randomly assigned to milk protein (Milk), isoflavone-poor soy (Soy−), or isoflavone-rich soy (Soy+). Usual diets were supplemented with 25 g/day of protein for 28 days. Serum samples were collected before and after supplementation in a fasted state and postprandially at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 min after a high-fat, 1,000 kcal shake. Triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, apolipoproteins B-100 and A-I and glucose concentrations were quantified. Fasting concentrations were not different after any protein supplementation. Postprandial TAG and TAG AUC increased after Soy-consumption supporting the postprandial state as a more sensitive indicator of soy ingestion effects on CVD risk factors compared with the fasting lipid profile. Furthermore, the absence of isoflavones in soy protein may have deleterious consequences on purported cardio-protective effects.

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Abbreviations

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

Milk:

Milk protein

Soy−:

Isoflavone-poor soy

Soy+:

Isoflavone-rich soy

TC:

Total cholesterol

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

Apo B-100:

Apolipoprotein B-100

Apo A-I:

Apolipoprotein A-I

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

VLDL:

Very-low density lipoprotein

AUC:

Area under the curve

BMI:

Body mass index

HDL-C:

High density lipoprotein cholesterol constituent

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

LDL-C:

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol constituent

RLP-C:

Remnant-like particle-cholesterol

TRL:

Triacylglycerol rich lipoprotein

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

LCAT:

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank The Solae Company (St. Louis, MO, USA) for donating the protein supplements used in this study. Special gratitude is warranted to our colleagues Amy Miracle and Jack Young for their input in the final review of this manuscript.

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Author notes

  1. Antonio S. Santo

    Present address: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Allied Health Sciences, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-3034, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 10 Sherman Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-3078, USA

    Antonio S. Santo

  2. The Center for Diabetes Self-Management Care, Frye Regional Medical Center, 420 North Center Street, Hickory, NC, 28601, USA

    Ariana M. Santo

  3. Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 26 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Richard W. Browne

  4. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Kimball Tower 108, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Harold Burton

  5. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Sports Medicine Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    John J. Leddy

  6. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Farber 31A, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Steven M. Horvath

  7. Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 12 Sherman Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA

    Peter J. Horvath

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  1. Antonio S. Santo
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Correspondence to Antonio S. Santo.

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S. M. Horvath: deceased.

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Santo, A.S., Santo, A.M., Browne, R.W. et al. Postprandial Lipemia Detects the Effect of Soy Protein on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Compared with the Fasting Lipid Profile. Lipids 45, 1127–1138 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-010-3487-z

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