Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of soy or milk protein durign a high-fat feeding challenge on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids in healthy men

  • Articles
  • Published:
Lipids

Abstract

Soy isoflavones may impede atherogenic processes associated with cardiovascular disease. Research suggests that the postprandial generation of TG-rich remnants contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the current study was to determine if 39 g soy (85 mg aglycone isoflavones, treatment) compared with 40 g milk protein (0 mg aglycone isoflavones, control) in combination with a high-fat meal can modify postprandial, atherogenic-associated events and biomarkers for oxidative stress, inflammation, and thrombosis. Fifteen healthy men (20–47 yr) participated in a double-blind cross-over meal-challenge study occurring on two nonconsecutive days. The study meals consisted of two high-fat apple muffins consumed with either a soy or milk shake (229 mL, 41% fat, 41% carbohydrate, and 18% protein). Blood samples were obtained at base-line (fasted) and hours two, four, and six postprandial. Plasma TG significantly increased in both treatment and control meal challenges compared with baseline. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatment (soy) and control (milk) for ex vivo copper-induced LDL oxidation, serum C-reactive protein, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum fibrinogen, or plasma lipids (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG). IL-6-concentrations significantly decreased as a function of time during either meal challenge (P=0.005). These data suggest that consumption of soy or milk protein in conjunction with a high-fat meal does not acutely modify postprandial oxidative stress, inflammation, or plasma lipid concentrations in young, healthy men.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AUC:

area under the curve

BMI:

body mass index

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

HI:

high isoflavone

IL-6:

interleukin-6

LI:

low isoflavone

NRL:

Nutrition Research Laboratory

PGF2α :

prostaglandin F2α

T0:

time point hour 0, pre-meal challenge

T2, T4, T6:

time point hours 2, 4, 6 post-meal challenge, respectively

TC:

total cholesterol

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

References

  1. American Heart Association (2005) Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2005 Update, American Heart Association, Dallas. (Netlink; www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/110539 0918119HDSStats2005Update.pdf, accessed July, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Zilversmit, D.B. (1979) Atherogenesis: A Postprandial Phenomenon, Circulation 60, 473–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sies, H., Stahl, W., and Sevanian, A. (2005) Nutritional, Dietary and Postprandial Oxidative Stress, J. Nutr. 135, 969–972.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Devaraj, S., and Jialal, I. (1996) Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Atherosclerosis, Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 26, 178–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jialal, I., and Devaraj, S. (1996) The Role of Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein in Atherogenesis, J. Nutr. 126, 1053S-1057S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lechleitner, M., Hoppichler, F., Foger, B., and Patsch, J.R. (1994) Low-Density Lipoproteins of the Postprandial State Induce Cellular Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation in Macrophages, Arterioscler. Thromb. 14, 1799–1807.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Griendling, K.K., and FitzGerald, G.A. (2003) Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Injury: Part II: Animal and Human Studies, Circulation 108, 2034–2040.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Griendling, K.K., and Fitzgerald, G.A. (2003) Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Injury: Part I: Basic Mechanisms and in vivo Monitoring of ROS, Circulation 108, 1912–1916.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Granger, D.N., Vowinkel, T., and Petnehazy, T. (2004) Modulation of the Inflammatory Response in Cardiovascular Disease. Hypertension 43, 924–931.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mennen, L.I., Witteman, J.C., den Breeijen, J.H., Schouten, E.G., de Jong, P.T., Hofman, A., and Grobbee, D.E. (1997) The Association of Dietary Fat and Fiber with Coagulation Factor Vii in the Elderly: The Rotterdam Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 732–736.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Havel, R.J. (1994) Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Remnant Lipoproteins, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 5, 102–109.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Miller, M., Zhan, M., and Georgopoulos, A. (2003) Effect of Desirable Fasting Triglycerides on the Postprandial Response to Dietary Fat. J. Investig. Med. 51, 50–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Plotnick, G.D., Corretti, M.C., and Vogel, R.A. (1997) Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins on the Transient Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Brachial Artery Vasoactivity Following a Single High-Fat Meal, JAMA 278, 1682–1686.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Vogel, R.A., Corretti, M.C., and Plotnick, G.D. (1997) Effect of a Single High-Fat Meal on Endothelial Function in Healthy Subjects. Am. J. Cardiol. 79, 350–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Raitakari, O.T., Lai, N., Griffiths, K., McCredie, R., Sullivan, D., and Celermajer, D.S. (2000) Enhanced Peripheral Vasodilation in Humans After a Fatty Meal, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 36, 417–422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Tsai, W.C., Li, Y.H., Lin, C.C., Chao, T.H., and Chen, J.H. (2004) Effects of Oxidative Stress on Endothelial Function After a High-Fat Meal, Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 106, 315–319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Williams, M.J., Sutherland, W.H., McCormick, M.P., de Jong, S.A., Walker, R.J., and Wilkins, G.T. (1999) Impaired Endothelial Function Following a Meal Rich in Used Cooking Fat, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 33, 1050–1055.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ceriello, A., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., Quagliaro, L., Piconi, L., Bais, B., Da Ros, R., and Motz, E. (2002) Evidence for an Independent and Cumulative Effect of Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia and Hyperglycemia on Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Generation: Effects of Short-and Long-Term Simvastatin Treatment, Circulation 106, 1211–1218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. de Roos, N.M., Siebelink, E., Bots, M.L., van Tol, A., Schouten, E.G., and Katan, M.B. (2002) Trans Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Saturated Fatty Acids Have Similar Effects on Postprandial Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 674–679.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gopaul, N.K., Zacharowski, K., Halliwell, B., and Anggard, E.E. (2000) Evaluation of the Postprandial Effects of a Fast-Food Meal on Human Plasma F2-Isoprostane Levels, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 28, 806–814.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ursini, F., Zamburlini, A., Cazzolato, G., Maiorino, M., Bon, G.B., and Sevanian, A. (1998) Postprandial Plasma Lipid Hydroperoxides: A Possible Link Between Diet and Atherosclerosis, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 250–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ceriello, A., Bortolotti, N., Motz, E., Pieri, C., Marra, M., Tonutti, L., Lizzio, S., Feletto, F., Catone, B., and Taboga, C. (1999) Meal-Induced Oxidative Stress and Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in Diabetes: The Possible Role of Hyperglycemia, Metabolism 48, 1503–1508.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nappo, F., Esposito, K., Cioffi, M., Giugliano, G., Molinari, A.M., Paolisso, G., Marfella, R., and Giugliano, D. (2002) Postprandial Endothelial Activation in Healthy Subjects and in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Role of Fat and Carbohydrate Meals, J. Am. Cell. Cardiol. 39, 1145–1150.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Aljada, A., Mohanty, P., Ghanim, H., Abdo, T., Tripathy, D., Chaudhuri, A., and Dandona, P. (2004) Increase in Intranuclear Nuclear Factor κB and Decrease in Inhibitor κB in Mononuclear Cells After a Mixed Meal: Evidence for a Proinflammatory Effects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 682–690.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ridker, P.M., Buring, J.E., Shih, J., Matias, M., and Hennekens, C.H. (1998) Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events Among Apparently Healthy Women, Circulation 98, 731–733.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ridker, P.M., and Haughie, P. (1998) Prospective Studies of C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease, J. Investig. Med. 46, 391–395.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ridker, P.M., Hennekens, C.H., Buring, J.E., and Rifai, N. (2000) C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women, N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 836–843.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ernst, E., and Resch, K.L. (1993) Fibrinogen as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: A Meta-analysis and Review of the Literature, Ann. Intern. Med. 118, 956–963.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hornstra, G., Barth, C.A., Galli, C., Mensink, R.P., Mutanen, M., Riemersma, R.A., Roberfroid, M., Salminen, K., Vansant, G., and Verschuren, P.M. (1998) Functional Food Science and the Cardiovascular System, Br. J. Nutr. 80 (Suppl. 1), S113-S146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Salomaa, V., Rasi, V., Pekkanen, J., Jauhiainen, M., Vahtera, E., Pietinen, P., Korhonen, H., Kuulasmaa, K., and Ehnholm, C. (1993) The Effects of Saturated Fat and n−6 Polyunsaturated Fat on Postprandial Lipemia and Hemostatic Activity, Atherosclerosis 103, 1–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Silveira, A., Karpe, F., Blomback, M., Steiner, G., Walldius, G., and Hamsten, A. (1994) Activation of Coagulation Factor Vii During Alimentary Lipemia, Arterioscler. Thromb. 14, 60–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Setchell, K.D., and Cassidy, A. (1999) Dietary Isoflavones: Biological Effects and Relevance to Human Health, J. Nutr. 129, 758S-767S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Erdman, J. (2000) Soy Protein and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association, Circulation 102, 2555–2559.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Food and Drug Administration (1999) Food Labeling, Health Claims, Soy Protein and Coronary Heart Disease, 64, 57699–57733.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Leake, D.S. (2001) Flavonoids and the Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein, Nutrition 17, 63–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Lai, H.H., and Yen, G.C. (2002) Inhibitory Effect of Isoflavones on Peroxynitrite-Mediated Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66, 22–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hwang, J., Wang, J., Morazzoni, P., Hodis, H.N., and Sevanian, A. (2003) The Phytoestrogen Equol Increases Nitric Oxide Availability by Inhibiting Superoxide Production: An Antioxidant Mechanism for Cell-Mediated LDL Modification, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 34, 1271–1282.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Cunningham, A.R., Klopman, G., and Rosenkranz, H.S. (1997) A Dichotomy in the Lipophilicity of Natural Estrogens. Xenoestrogens, and Phytoestrogens, Environ. Health Perspect. 105 (Suppl. 3), 665–668.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kaamanen, M., Adlercreutz, H., Jauhiainen, M., and Tikkanen, M.J. (2003) Accumulation of Genistein and Lipophilic Genistein Derivatives in Lipoproteins During Incubation with Human Plasma in vitro, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1631, 147–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Meng, Q.H., Hockerstedt, A., Heinonen, S., Wahala, K., Adlercreutz, H., and Tikkanen, M.J. (1999) Antioxidant Protection of Lipoproteins Containing Estrogens: In vitro Evidence for Low-and High-Density Lipoproteins as Estrogen Carriers, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1439, 331–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Meng, Q.H., Lewis, P., Wahala, K., Adlercreutz, H., and Tikkanen, M.J. (1999) Incorporation of Esterified Soybean Isoflavones with Antioxidant Activity into Low Density Lipoprotein, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1438, 369–376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tikkanen, M.J., Wahala, K., Ojala, S., Vihma, V., and Adlercreutz, H. (1998) Effect of Soybean Phytoestrogen Intake on Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation Resistance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 3106–3110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jenkins, D.J.A. Kendall, C.W.C., Garsetti, M., Rosenberg-Zand, R.S., Jackson C.J., Agarwal, S., Rao A.V., Diamandis, E.P., Parker, T., and Faulkner, D. (2000) Effect of Soy Protein Foods on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation and ex vivo Sex Hormone Receptor Activity—A Controlled Crossover Trial, Metabolism 49, 537–543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Jenkins, D.J., Kendall, C.W., Vidgen, E., Vuksan, V., Jackson, C.J., Augustin, L.S., Lee, B., Garsetti, M., Agarwal, S., and Rao, A.V. (2000) Effect of Soy-Based Breakfast Cereal on Blood Lipids and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein, Metabolism 49, 1496–1500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Samman, S., Lyons Wall, P.M., Chan, G.S., Smith, S.J., and Petocz, P. (1999) The Effect of Supplementation with Isoflavones on Plasma Lipids and Oxidisability of Low Density Lipoprotein in Premenopausal Women, Atherosclerosis 147, 277–283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Engelman, H.M., Alekel, D.L., Hanson, L.N., Kanthasamy, A.G., and Reddy, M.B. (2005) Blood Lipid and Oxidative Stress Responses to Soy Protein with Isoflavones and Phytic Acid in Postmenopausal Women, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81, 590–596.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Vega-Lopez, S., Yeum, K.J., Lecker, J.L., Ausman, L.M., Johnson, E.J., Devaraj, S., Jialal, I., and Lichtenstein, A.H. (2005) Plasma Antioxidant Capacity in Response to Diets High in Soy or Animal Protein with or without Isoflavones, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81, 43–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Akiyama, T., Ishida, J., Nakagawa, S., Ogawara, H., Watanabe, S., Itoh, N., Shibuya, M., and Fukami, Y. (1987) Genistein, a Specific Inhibitor of Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5592–5595.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Asahi, M., Yanagi, S., Ohta, S., Inazu, T., Sakai, K., Takeuchi, F., Taniguchi, T., and Yamamura, H. (1992) Thrombin-Induced Human Platelet Aggregation Is Inhibited by Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, ST638 and Genistein. FEBS Lett. 309, 10–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sargeant, P., Farndale, R.W., and Sage, S.O. (1993) The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Methyl 2,5-Dihydroxycinnamate and Genistein Reduce Thrombin-Evoked Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Ca2+ Entry in Human Platelets. FEBS Lett. 315, 242–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Dijsselbloem, N., Vanden Berghe, W., De Naeyer, A., and Haegeman, G. (2004) Soy Isoflavone Phyto-Pharmaceuticals in Interleukin-6 Affections. Multi-Purpose Nutraceuticals at the Crossroad of Hormone Replacement, Anti-cancer and Anti-inflammatory Therapy. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68, 1171–1185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ashton, E.L., Dalais, F.S., and Ball, M.J. (2000) Effect of Meat Replacement by Tofu on CHD Risk Factors Including Copper Induced LDL Oxidation. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 19, 761–767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dent, S.B., Peterson, C.T., Brace, L.D., Swain, J.H., Reddy, M.B., Hanson, K.B., Robinson, J.G., and Alekel, D.L. (2001) Soy Protein Intake by Perimenopausal Women Does Not Affect Circulating Lipids and Lipoproteins or Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Factors. J. Nutr. 131, 2280–2287.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Jenkins, D.J., Kendall, C.W., Connelly, P.W., Jackson, C.J., Parker, T., Faulkner, D., and Vidgen, E. (2002) Effects of High-and Low-Isoflavone (phytoestrogen) Soy Foods on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Middle-Aged Men and Women. Metabolism 51, 919–924.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sanders, T.A., Dean, T.S., Grainger, D., Miller, G.J., and Wiseman, H. (2002) Moderate Intakes of Intact Soy Protein Rich in Isoflavones Compared with Ethanol-Extracted Soy Protein Increase HDL but Do Not Influence Transforming Growth Factor α1 Concentrations and Hemostatic Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Healthy Subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 373–377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Cuevas, A.M., Irribarra, V.L., Castillo, O.A., Yanez, M.D., and Germain, A.M. (2003) Isolated Soy Protein Improves Endothelial Function in Postmenopausal Hypercholesterolemic Women. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 889–894.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Lissin, L.W., Oka, R., Lakshmi, S., and Cooke, J.P. (2004) Isoflav ones Improve. Vascular Reactivity in Post-Menopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia. Vasc. Med. 9, 26–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Yildirir, A., Tokgozoglu, S.L., Oduncu, T., Oto, A., Haznedaroglu, I., Akinci, D., Koksal, G., Sade, E., Kirazli, S., and Kes, S. (2001) Soy Protein Diet Significantly Improves Endothelial Function and Lipid Parameters. Clin. Cardiol. 24, 711–716.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Moro, E., Alessandrini, P., Zambon, C., Pianetti, S., Pais, M., Cazzolato, G., and Bon, G.B. (1999) Is Glycation of Low Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus a LDL Pre-Oxidative Condition? Diabet. Med. 16, 663–669.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Barnard, N.D., Scialli, A.R., Bertron, P., Hurlock, D., Edmonds, K., and Talev, L. (2000) Effectiveness of a Low-Fat Vegetarian Diet in Altering Serum Lipids in Healthy Premenopausal Women. Am. J. Cardiol. 85, 969–972.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bouchard, C., Tremblay, A., Leblanc, C., Lortie, G., Savard, R., and Theriault, G. (1983) A Method to Assess Energy Expenditure in Children and Adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 37, 461–467.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Schumaker, V.N., and Puppione, D.L. (1986) Sequential Flotation Ultracentrifugation. Methods Enzymol. 128, 155–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Puhl, H., Waeg, G., and Esterbauer, H. (1994) Methods to Determine Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoproteins. Methods Enzymol. 233, 425–441.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Palomaki, A., Malminiemi, K., Solakivi, T., and Malminiemi, O. (1998) Ubiquinone Supplementation During Lovastatin Treatment: Effect on LDL Oxidation ex vivo, J. Lipid Res. 39, 1430–1437.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Redinbaugh, M.G., and Turley, R.B. (1986) Adaptation of the Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay for Use with Microtiter Plates and Sucrose Gradient Fractions. Anal. Biochem. 153, 267–271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Smith, P.K., Krohn, R.I., Hermanson, G.T., Mallia, A.K., Gartner, F.H., Provenzano, M.D., Fujimoto, E.K., Goeke, N.M., Olson, B.J., and Klenk, D.C. (1985) Measurement of Protein Using Bicinchoninic Acid. Anal. Biochem. 150, 76–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Gillotte, K.L., Horkko, S., Witztum, J.L., and Steinberg, D. (2000) Oxidized Phospholipids, Linked to Apolipoprotein B of Oxidized LDL. Are Ligands for Macrophage Scavenger Receptors. J. Lipid Res. 41, 824–833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I., and Fredrickson, D.S. (1972) Estimation of the Concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Plasma, Without Use of the Preparative Ultracentrifuge. Clin. Chem. 18, 499–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wolever, T.M.S. (2004) Effect of Blood Sampling Schedule and Method of Calculating the Area Under the Curve on Validity and Precision of Glycaemic Index Values. Br. J. Nutr. 91, 295–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Krauss, R.M., and Siri, P.W. (2004) Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes, Med. Clin. North Am. 88, 897–909.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Wiseman, H., O'Reilly, J.D., Adlercreutz, H., Mallet, A.I., Bowey, E.A., Rowland, I.R., and Sanders, T.A. (2000) Isoflavone Phytoestrogens Consumed in Soy Decrease F2-Isoprostane Concentrations and Increase Resistance of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Oxidation in Humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 395–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Hwang, J., Sevanian, A., Hodis, H.N., and Ursini, F. (2000) Synergistic Inhibition of LDL Oxidation by Phytoestrogens and Ascorbic Acid. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 29, 79–89.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Beaumier-Gallon, G., Dubois, C., Senft, M., Verges, M.F., Pauli, A.M., Portugal, H., and Lairon, L. (2001) Dietary Cholesterol Is Secreted in Intestinally Derived Chylomicrons During Several Subsequent Postprandial Phases in Healthy Humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 870–877.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Covas, M.I., Konstantinidou, V., Mysytaki, E., Fito, M., Weinbrenner, T., De La Torre, R., Farre-Albadalejo, M., and Lamuela-Raventos, R. (2003) Postprandial Effects of Wine Consumption on Lipids and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 29, 217–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Natella, F., Belelli, F., Gentili, V., Ursini, F., and Scaccini, C. (2002) Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Prevent Plasma Postprandial Oxidative Stress in Humans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 7720–7725.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Fitó, M., Gimeno, E., Covas, M.I., Miró, E., Lopez-Sabater, M. de C., Farré, M., de la Torre, R., and Marrugat, J. (2002) Postprandial and Short-Term Effects of Dietary Virgin Olive Oil on Oxidant/Antioxidant Status. Lipids 37, 245–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Piconi, L., Quagliaro, L., and Ceriello, A. (2003) Oxidative Stress in Diabetes. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 41, 1144–1149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Helmersson, J., Larsson, A., Vessby, B., and Basu, S. (2005) Active Smoking and a History of Smoking Are Associated with Enhanced Prostaglandin F2αa, Interleukin-6 and F2-Isoprostane Formation in Elderly Men. Atherosclerosis 181, 201–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Research Laboratory (NRL), Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, 20 Herrick Hall, 59717, Bozeman, Montana

    Christina G. Campbell & Danielle Dufner

  2. Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, 59812, Missoula, Montana

    Blakely D. Brown

  3. Measurement by Design, 80129, Highlands Ranch, Colorado

    William G. Thorland

Authors
  1. Christina G. Campbell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Blakely D. Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Danielle Dufner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. William G. Thorland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christina G. Campbell.

About this article

Cite this article

Campbell, C.G., Brown, B.D., Dufner, D. et al. Effects of soy or milk protein durign a high-fat feeding challenge on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids in healthy men. Lipids 41, 257–265 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5095-5

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-006-5095-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation