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Olive oil and modulation of cell signaling in disease prevention

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Lipids

Abstract

Epidemiological studies show that populations consuming a predominantly plant-based Mediterranean-style diet exhibit lower incidences of chronic diseases than those eating a northern European or North American diet. This observation has been attributed to the greater consumption of fruits and vegetables and the lower consumption of animal products, particularly fat. Although total fat intake in Mediterranean populations can be higher than in other regions (ca. 40% of calories), the greater proportion is derived from olive oil and not animals. Increased olive oil consumption is implicated in a reduction in cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and, to a lesser extent, a variety of cancers. Olive oil intake also has been shown to modulate immune function, particularly the inflammatory processes associated with the immune system. Olive oil is a nonoxidative dietary component, and the attenuation of the in-flammatory process it elicits could explain its beneficial effects on disease risk since oxidative and inflammatory stresses appear to be underlying factors in the etiology of these diseases in man. The antioxidant effects of olive oil are probably due to a combination of its high oleic acid content (low oxidation potential compared with linoleic acid) and its content of a variety of plant antioxidants, particularly oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol. It is also possible that the high oleic acid content and a proportionate reduction in linoleic acid intake would allow a greater conversion of α-linolenic acid (18∶3n−3) to longer-chain n−3 PUFA, which have characteristic health benefits. Adoption of a Mediterranean diet could confer health benefits in high-risk populations.

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Abbreviations

ARA:

arachidonic acid

cGPx1:

cytosolic glutathione peroxidase

COX:

cyclooxygenase

CVD:

cardiovascular disease

GPX1:

glutathione peroxidase

GPX4:

phospholipid glutathione peroxidase

HUVEC:

human umbilical vein endothelial cells

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule 1

IL:

interleukin

LOX:

lipoxygenase

LT:

leukotriene

MUFA:

monounsaturated FA

NK:

natural killer

PGE2 :

prostaglandin E2

RA:

rheumatoid arthritis

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

VCAM-1:

vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, AB25 1HG, Aberdeen, Scotland UK

    Klaus W. J. Wahle

  2. Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy

    Donatella Caruso

  3. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Spain

    Julio J. Ochoa & Jose L. Quiles

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  1. Klaus W. J. Wahle
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  4. Jose L. Quiles
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Correspondence to Klaus W. J. Wahle.

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Wahle, K.W.J., Caruso, D., Ochoa, J.J. et al. Olive oil and modulation of cell signaling in disease prevention. Lipids 39, 1223–1231 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1351-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-004-1351-y

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