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Response of plasma lipids to dietary cholesterol and wine polyphenols in rats fed polyunsaturated fat diets

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Lipids

Abstract

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary red wine phenolic compounds (WP) and cholesterol on lipid oxidation and transport in rats. For 5 wk, weanling rats were fed polyunsaturated fat diets (n−6/n−3=6.4) supplemented or not supplemented with either 3 g/kg diet of cholesterol, 5 g/kg diet of WP, or both. The concentrations of triacylglycerols (TAG, P<0.01) and cholesterol (P<0.0002) were reduced in fasting plasma of rats fed cholesterol despite the cholesterol enrichment of very low density lipoprotein + low density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL). The response was due to the much lower plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (−35%, P<0.0001). In contrast, TAG and cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulated in liver (+120 and +450%, respectively, P<0.0001). However, the cholesterol content of liver microsomes was not affected. Dietary cholesterol altered the distribution of fatty acids mainly by reducing the ratio of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid (P<0.0001) in plasma VLDL+LDL (−35%) and HDL (−42%) and in liver TAG (−42%), CE (−78%), and phospholipids (−28%). Dietary WP had little or no effect on these variables. On the other hand, dietary cholesterol lowered the α-tocopherol concentration in VLDL+LDL (−40%, P<0.003) and in microsomes (−60%, P<0.0001). In contrast, dietary WP increased the concentration in microsomes (+21%, P<0.0001), but had no effect on the concentration in VLDL+LDL. Cholesterol feeding decreased (P<0.006) whereas WP feeding increased (P<0.0001) the resistance of VLDL+LDL to copper-induced oxidation. The production of conjugated dienes after 25 h of oxidation ranged between 650 (WP without cholesterol) and 2,560 (cholesterol without WP) μmol/g VLDL+LDL protein. These findings show that dietary WP were absorbed at sufficient levels to contribute to the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and membranes. They could also reduce the consumption of α-tocopherol and endogenous antioxidants. The responses suggest that, in humans, these substances may be beneficial by reducing the deleterious effects of a dietary overload of cholesterol.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

analysis of variance

apo:

apolipoprotein

CE:

cholesteryl ester

CVD:

cardiovascular diseases

HDL:

high density lipoprotein

HDL-C:

HDL cholesterol

LCAT:

lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase

LDL:

low density lipoprotein

PL:

phospholipid

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

TAG:

triacylglycerol

VLDL:

very low density lipoprotein

WP:

wine phenolic compounds

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  1. Laboratoire de Nutrition et Sécurité Alimentaire, INRA-CRJ, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France

    Lucie Frémont, Marie T. Gozzelino & Alain Linard

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  1. Lucie Frémont
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  2. Marie T. Gozzelino
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Correspondence to Lucie Frémont.

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Frémont, L., Gozzelino, M.T. & Linard, A. Response of plasma lipids to dietary cholesterol and wine polyphenols in rats fed polyunsaturated fat diets. Lipids 35, 991–999 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0610-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0610-2

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