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Enhancing solubilization in microemulsions—State of the art and current trends

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Journal of Surfactants and Detergents

Abstract

Along a formulation scan, solubilization is maximal when a bicontinuous microemulsion is in equilibrium with both oil and water excess phases in a so-called Winsor III system. The logical way to enhance solubilization is to increase the interaction of the surfactant for both the oil and water phases, which can be easily attained by increasing the size of both the head and tail groups. However, this approach is limited by solubility constraints. Additional solubilization enhancement can be attained by introducing a molecule(s) that bridge the bulk phase and the adsorbed surfactant layer; this can be accomplished by using the so-called lipophilic and hydrophilic “linker effect” or by using block copolymer additives. In either case, the goal is to modify an extended zone in the oil and water domains close to their boundary. The intramolecular grafting of a linker group between the hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties in a surfactant results in a so-called “extended” surfactant structure, which produces enhanced solubilization, as does the surfactant/linker combination, but with the added benefit that the self-contained extended surfactant structure does not undergo selective partitioning. We conclude that an improvement in solubilization is directly related to the presence of a smooth, blurred, and expanded transition across the interfacial region from polar to apolar bulk phases.

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Abbreviations

ACN:

alkane carbon number

EO:

ethylene oxide

EON:

ethylene oxide number

EOR:

enhanced oil recovery

HLB:

hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

HLD:

hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation

LC:

liquid crystals

OW:

oil/water

S+A:

surfactant+alcohol

SAD:

surface affinity difference

SAOW:

surfactant-alcohol-oil-water

SOW:

surfactant-oil-water

WOR:

water-to-oil ratio

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Jean-Louis Salager

    Present address: Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Formulación, Interfases, Reologia y Procesos (Lab. FIRP), Chemical Engineering School, University of The Andes, 5101, Mérida, Venezuela

    Jean-Louis Salager, Raquel E. Antón & Laura I. Tolosa

  2. Civil Engineering & Environmental Science Department, University of Oklahoma, 202 W. Boyd, Rm. 334, 73019, Norman, Oklahoma

    David A. Sabatini

  3. Chemical Engineering and Material Science Department, University of Oklahoma, 202 W. Boyd, Rm. 334, 73019, Norman, Oklahoma

    Jeffrey H. Harwell & Edgar J. Acosta

Authors
  1. Jean-Louis Salager
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  2. Raquel E. Antón
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  3. David A. Sabatini
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  4. Jeffrey H. Harwell
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  5. Edgar J. Acosta
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  6. Laura I. Tolosa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. Sabatini.

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Cite this article

Salager, JL., Antón, R.E., Sabatini, D.A. et al. Enhancing solubilization in microemulsions—State of the art and current trends. J Surfact Deterg 8, 3–21 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-005-0328-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-005-0328-4

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