References
Kyle RA, Larson DR, Kurtin PJ et al (2019) Incidence of AL amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1990 through 2015. Mayo Clin Proc 94:465–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.041
Perfetto F, Cappelli F, Bergesio F et al (2013) Cardiac amyloidosis: the heart of the matter. Intern Emerg Med 8:191–203
Van Gameren II, Hazenberg BPC, Bijzet J, Van Rijswijk MH (2006) Diagnostic accuracy of subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue aspiration for detecting systemic amyloidosis and its utility in clinical practice. Arthritis Rheum 54:2015–2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.21902
Wechalekar AD, Schonland SO, Kastritis E et al (2013) A European collaborative study of treatment outcomes in 346 patients with cardiac stage III AL amyloidosis. Blood 121:3420–3427. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-12-473066
Palladini G, Sachchithanantham S, Milani P et al (2015) A European collaborative study of cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in upfront treatment of systemic AL amyloidosis. Blood 126:612–615. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-01-620302
Vaxman I, Gertz M (2019) Recent advances in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of systemic light-chain amyloidosis. Acta Haematol 141:93–106
Palladini G, Milani P, Foli A et al (2014) Melphalan and dexamethasone with or without bortezomib in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis: a matched case-control study on 174 patients. Leukemia 28:2311–2316. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2014.227
Sobol U, Stiff P (2014) Neurologic aspects of plasma cell disorders. Handbook of clinical neurology. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, pp 1083–1099
Matsuda M, Gono T, Morita H et al (2011) Peripheral nerve involvement in primary systemic AL amyloidosis: a clinical and electrophysiological study. Eur J Neurol 18:604–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03215.x
Rajkumar SV, Hayman SR, Lacy MQ et al (2005) Combination therapy with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (Rev/Dex) for newly diagnosed myeloma. Blood 106:4050–4053. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-07-2817
Rotter J, Dowlati E, Jha RT et al (2019) Primary cervical spine AL-κ amyloidoma: a case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology 39:231–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12556
Sadek I, Kapoor P, Gertz MA, Kumar S (2010) An unusual neurological complication of light chain amyloidosis: images in haematology. Br J Haematol 148:816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07897.x
Chantry A, Kazmi M, Barrington S et al (2017) Guidelines for the use of imaging in the management of patients with myeloma. Br J Haematol 178:380–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14827
Rahmouni A, Divine M, Mathieu D et al (1993) Detection of multiple myeloma involving the spine: efficacy of fat- suppression and contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Am J Roentgenol 160:1049–1052. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.160.5.8470574
Glaudemans AWJM, Slart RHJA, Noordzij W et al (2013) Utility of 18F-FDG PET(/CT) in patients with systemic and localized amyloidosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 40:1095–1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-013-2375-1
Farrell K, Stobo DB, Soutar R (2011) Cervical amyloidoma successfully treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone. J Clin Oncol 29:e512–e513. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.34.6452
Samandouras G, Teddy PJ, Cadoux-Hudson T, Ansorge O (2006) Amyloid in neurosurgical and neurological practice. J Clin Neurosci 13:159–167
Barison A, Aquaro GD, Pugliese NR et al (2015) Measurement of myocardial amyloid deposition in systemic amyloidosis: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J Intern Med 277:605–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12324
Fontana M, Pica S, Reant P et al (2015) Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation 132:1570–1579. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016567
Berg AM, Anderson JJ, Chipkin SR et al (1994) Autonomic neuropathy in AL (primary) amyloidosis and its effect on survival. Amyloid 1:39–46. https://doi.org/10.3109/13506129409148623
Dispenzieri A, Dingli D, Kumar SK et al (2010) Discordance between serum cardiac biomarker and immunoglobulin-free light-chain response in patients with immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis treated with immune modulatory drugs. Am J Hematol 85:757–759. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.21822
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that they have no competing interests.
Statement of human and animal rights
This article does not contain any studies with animal or human subjects performed by any of the authors.
Informed consent
Obtained from the patient for his anonymized data to be published.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Perfetto, F., Casagrande, S., Barilaro, A. et al. Progressive and atypical neurological symptoms in refractory systemic AL amyloidosis. Intern Emerg Med 16, 1927–1933 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02489-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02489-8