Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Soluble sugars, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of grape berries as affected by iron and nitrogen

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Foliar nutrition is one of the effective cultural practices in vineyards. In this research, the effect of iron chelate (Fe-EDDHA) and urea, each in three levels of 0, 0.5 and 1%, was evaluated with an ANOVA completely randomized block in commercial vineyard (cv “Sultana”) located in Bahareh village of Malayer city (Iran). Vines were sprayed in three stages: a week before bloom (8 June), 2 weeks after bloom (29 June) and 5 weeks after bloom (20 July) during the growth seasons in 2015 and 2016. The grapes harvesting was done in mid-September according to the maturity level of untreated vines. In comparison with the other treatments, moderate levels (0.5%) of fertilizers allow to reach the highest glucose and sucrose concentration at harvest. Foliar spray of high iron chelate doses in combined with 0.5% urea caused a considerable increase in berries putrescine and spermine concentration. However, combination effects of urea and Fe-EDDHA with moderate level (0.5%) were the most efficient for spermidine accumulation of ‘Sultana’ grapevine. For the moderate levels (Fe-EDDHA 0.5%) of fertilizers treatment, most phenolic acids and anthocyanidins reached a peak, and the highest free radical scavenging capacities (DPPH) of grape samples were achieved. The activity superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase increased with moderate levels of Fe-EDDHA in combination with high levels of urea treatments. However, the maximum glutathione reductase was obtained with 1% urea in combination with Fe-EDDHA at 1% concentrations. Altogether, data showed that iron and nitrogen are highly efficient to manage quality and nutritional potential of grape berries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd El-Razek E, Treutter D, Saleh MMS, El-Shammaa M, Fouad AA, Abdel-Hamid N (2011) Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on productivity and fruit quality of ‘Crimson seedless’ grape. Agric Biol J North Am 2:330–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Salam MM (2016) Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and micronutrients on the berries quality of ‘Bezel Naka’ local grape cultivar. Sciences 6:178–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed FF, Akl AM, El-Morsy FM (1997) Yield and quality of ‘Banaty’grapes in response to spraying iron and zinc. HortScience 32:516D–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali K, Maltese F, Choi YH, Verpoorte R (2010) Metabolic constituents of grapevine and grape-derived products. Phytochem Rev 9:357–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Álvarez-Fernández A, Paniagua P, Abadía J, Abadía A (2003) Effects of Fe deficiency chlorosis on yield and fruit quality in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). J Agric Food Chem 51:5738–5744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Àlvarez-Fernàndez A, Abadía J, Abadía A (2006) Iron deficiency, fruit yield and fruit quality. In: Barton LL, Abadía J (eds) Iron nutrition in plants and rhizospheric microorganisms. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 85–101

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Askary M, Amirjani MR, Saberi T (2017) Comparison of the effects of nano-iron fertilizer with iron-chelate on growth parameters and some biochemical properties of Catharanthus roseus. J Plant Nutr 40:974–982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacha MA, Sabbah SM, El-Hamady MA (1995) Effect of foliar applications of iron, zinc and manganese on yield, berry quality and leaf mineral composition of Thompson Seedless and Roumy Red grape cultivars. Alex J Agric Res 40:315–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Bavaresco L, Pezzutto S, Ragga A, Ferrari F, Trevisan M (2001) Effect of nitrogen supply on trans-resveratrol concentration in berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Vitis 40:229–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bavaresco L, de Macedo MIVZ, Gonçalves B, Civardi S, Gatti M, Ferrari F (2010) Effects of traditional and new methods on overcoming lime-induced chlorosis of grapevine. Am J Enol Vitic 61:186–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp C, Fridovich I (1971) Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 44:276–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell SJ, Henschke PA (2005) Implications of nitrogen nutrition for grapes, fermentation and wine. Aust J Grape Wine R 11:242–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmeyer N (1970) Methoden der Enzymatischen Analyse, vol 1. Akademie, Berlin, pp 636–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertamini M, Nedunchezhian N (2005) Grapevine growth and physiological responses to iron deficiency. J Plant Nutr 28:737–749

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I, Goran A, Igic R (2008) Phenolics as antioxidants in garlic (Allium sativum L., Alliaceae). Food Chem 111:925–929

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canoura C, Kelly MT, Ojeda H (2018) Effect of irrigation and timing and type of nitrogen application on the biochemical composition of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay and Syrah grape berries. Food Chem 241:171–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castellarin SD, Bavaresco L, Falginella L, Gonçalves MVZ, Di Gaspero G (2013) Phenolics in grape berry and key antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 14:18711–18739

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Celette F, Findeling A, Gary C (2009) Competition for nitrogen in an unfertilized intercropping system: the case of an association of grapevine and grass cover in a Mediterranean climate. Eur J Agron 30:41–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comis DB, Tamayo DM, Alonso JM (2001) Determination of monosaccharaides in cider by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 436:173–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curie C, Briat JF (2003) Iron transport and signaling in plants. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54:183–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curie C, Cassin G, Couch D, Divol F, Higuchi K, Le Jean M, Mari S (2008) Metal movement within the plant: contribution of nicotianamine and yellow stripe 1-like transporters. Ann Bot 103:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daglia M, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Talas ZS, Nabavi SM (2014) Polyphenols: well beyond the antioxidant capacity: gallic acid and related compounds as neuroprotective agents: you are what you eat! Curr Pharm Biotechnol 15:362–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZW, Ollat N, Gomès E, Decroocq S, Tandonnet JP, Bordenave L, Pieri P, Hilbert G, Kappel C, van Leeuwen C, Vivin P (2011) Ecophysiological, genetic, and molecular causes of variation in grape berry weight and composition: a review. Am J Enol Vitic 62:413–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado R, Martín P, del Álamo M, González MR (2004) Changes in the phenolic composition of grape berries during ripening in relation to vineyard nitrogen and potassium fertilisation rates. J Sci Food Agric 84:623–630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foyer CH, Halliwell B (1976) The presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: a proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta 133:21–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garde-Cerdán T, Portu J, López R, Santamaría P (2015) Effect of foliar applications of proline, phenylalanine, urea, and commercial nitrogen fertilizers on stilbene concentrations in Tempranillo musts and mines. Am J Enol Vitic 66:4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Garde-Cerdán T, Gonzalo-Diago A, Moreno-Simunovic Y, Martínez-Gil AM (2017) Effect of different foliar nitrogen applications on the must amino acids and glutathione composition in Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard. LWT Food Sci Technol 75:147–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habran A, Commisso M, Helwi P, Hilbert G, Negri S, Ollat N, Gomès E, van Leeuwen C, Guzzo F, Delrot S (2016) Roostocks/scion/nitrogen interactions affect secondary metabolism in the grape berry. Front Plant Sci 7:1134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herzog V, Fahimi HD (1973) Determination of the activity of peroxidase. Anal Biochem 55:554–562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hufnagel JC, Hofmann T (2008) Quantitative reconstruction of the nonvolatile sensometabolome of a red wine. J Agric Food Chem 56:9190–9199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson DI, Lombard PB (1993) Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality-a review. Am J Enol Vitic 44:409–430

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez S, Gogorcena Y, Hévin C, Rombolà AD, Ollat N (2007) Nitrogen nutrition influences some biochemical responses to iron deficiency in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of Vitis. Plant Soil 290:343–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi R (2017) Potassium-induced freezing tolerance is associated with endogenous abscisic acid, polyamines and soluble sugars changes in grapevine. Sci Hortic 215:184–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keller M (2015) The science of grapevines: anatomy and physiology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Burlington, p 400

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller M, Kummer M, Vasconcelos MC (2001) Reproductive growth of grapevines in response to nitrogen supply and rootstock. Aust J Grape Wine R 7:12–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koponen J, Happonen A, Mattila P, Torronen R (2007) Contents of anthocyanins and ellagitannins in foods consumed in Finland. J Agric Food Chem 55:1612–1619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lacroux F, Tregoat O, Van Leeuwen C, Pons A, Tominaga T, Lavigne-Cruège V, Dubourdieu D (2008) Effect of foliar nitrogen and sulphur application on aromatic expression of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc. J Int Sci Vigne Vin 42:125–132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasa B, Menendez S, Sagastizabal K, Cervantes MEC, Irigoyen I, Muro J, Ariz I (2012) Foliar application of urea to Sauvignon Blanc and Merlot vines: doses and time of application. Plant Growth Regul 67:73–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marschner H (2011) Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants, 3rd edn. Academic Press, London, pp 178–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano Y, Asada K (1981) Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 22:867–880

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nezami MT (2012) The effects of foliar applications of nitrogen, boron, and zinc on the fruit setting and the quality of almonds. Life Sci J 9:1979–1989

    Google Scholar 

  • OIV Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture (2017) International Organization of vine and wine (OIV). http://www.oiv.int

  • Panagiotis MN, Aziz A, Kalliopie RAA (2012) Polyamines and grape berry development. In: Hernâni G, Manuela C, Serge D (eds) The biochemistry of the grape berry. Bentham Science Publishers, USA, pp 137–159

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ranieri A, Castagna A, Baldan B, Soldatini GF (2001) Iron deficiency differently affects peroxidase isoforms in sunflower. J Exp Bot 52:25–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rombolà AD, Brüggemann W, Tagliavini M, Marangoni B, Moog PR (2000) Iron source affects iron reduction and re-greening of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) leaves. J Plant Nutr 23:1751–1765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roosta HR, Mohsenian Y (2012) Effects of foliar spray of different Fe sources on pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants in aquaponic system. Sci Hortic 146:182–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salih HO (2013) Effect of Foliar Fertilization of Fe, B and Zn on nutrient concentration and seed protein of Cowpea Vigna unguiculata. J Agric Vet Sci 6:42–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiner RP, Scagel CF, Baham J (2006) Nutrient uptake and distribution in a mature “Pinot noir” vineyard. HortScience 41:336–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi P, Li B, Chen H, Song C, Meng J, Xi Z, Zhang Z (2017) Iron supply affects anthocyanin content and related gene expression in berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Molecules 22:283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shin KS, Chakrabarty D, Paek KY (2002) Sprouting rate, change of carbohydrate contents and related enzymes during cold treatment of Lily bulblets regenerated in vitro. Sci Hortic 96:195–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sing S (2006) Grapevine nutrition literature review. Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture, Renmark

    Google Scholar 

  • Smolders AJP, Hendriks RJJ, Campschreur HM, Roelofs JGM (1997) Nitrate induced iron deficiency iron deficiency chlorosis in Juncus acutiflorus. Plant Soil 196:37–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soubeyrand E, Basteau C, Hilbert G, van Leeuwen C, Delrot S, Gomès E (2014) Nitrogen supply affects anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in grapevine cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon berries. Phytochemistry 103:38–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stockert CM, Bisson LF, Adams DO, Smart DR (2013) Nitrogen status and fermentation dynamics for Merlot on two rootstocks. Am J Enol Vitic 64:195–202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vekiari SA, Panagou E, Mallidis C (2008) Extraction and determination of ellagic acid content in chestnut bark and fruit. Food Chem 110:1007–1011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter H, Geuns J (1987) High speed HPLC analysis of polyamines in plant tissues. Plant Physiol 83:2–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu XF, Wang B, Song WF, Zheng SJ, Shen RF (2016) Putrescine alleviates iron deficiency via NO-dependent reutilization of root cell-wall Fe in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 170:558–567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Funding was provided by Malayer University (Grant no. 84.5-289).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

    Rouhollah Karimi & Mohammad Koulivand

  2. Grapevine Production and Genetic Improvement Department, Research Institute for Grapes and Raisin, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

    Rouhollah Karimi

  3. INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ENITAB, ISVV, UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33882, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Nathalie Ollat

Authors
  1. Rouhollah Karimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Koulivand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nathalie Ollat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rouhollah Karimi.

Additional information

Communicated by L. Bavaresco.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 15 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karimi, R., Koulivand, M. & Ollat, N. Soluble sugars, phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of grape berries as affected by iron and nitrogen. Acta Physiol Plant 41, 117 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2910-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2910-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation