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Farm practices influence the photosynthetic performance and plant efficiency of Oryza sativa L.

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Abstract

The photosynthetic and physiological performances of Oryza sativa L. (rice) were evaluated in organic and conventional rice–rice agroecosystems for 120 days after transplantation by measuring net photosynthesis (P N), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s), intercellular CO2 concentration (C i), chlorophyll content (SPAD) and JIP fluorescence rise. The soil health was measured as soil bacterial and fungi density and activities of soil microbial enzymes (amylase, invertase, cellulase, protease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase). The conventionally managed fields showed lower microbial density and activity than of organic fields especially after 60 days of transplantation. The crop grown in the conventional fields has significantly low level of P N and chlorophyll, but E, g s and C i did not differ significantly till 105 days after transplantation. The JIP rise was low in conventional fields than in organic fields during 90–120 days. The efficiency and plant performance parameters (φP 0, Ψ 0, φE 0, PIφ, PI Ψ , PIABS, and PItotal) showed a rapid rate of decrease in the conventional than of organic fields. Significant positive correlation could be established between the performance and soil microbial activities, whereas the stress indicating fluorescence parameters (V J, M 0, φD 0, DI0/RC) showed significant negative correlation with the soil parameters in both the farming systems. The result showed that JIP analysis can be used as an early indicator of soil fertility and plant performance.

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Abbreviations

ψ 0 :

Rate of trapped exciton movement beyond Q A

φD 0 :

Quantum yield of energy dissipation,

φE 0 :

Quantum yield of electron transport

φP 0 :

Quantum yield of primary photochemistry

ABS/RC:

Effective antenna size of active RC

Chl:

Chlorophyll content

C i :

Intercellular CO2 concentration

DI0/RC:

Energy dissipation flux per active RC

E :

Transpiration

ET0/RC:

Electron transport flux per active RC

F v :

Variable fluorescence

g s :

Stomatal conductance

M 0 :

Net rate of PS II closure

PI ψ :

Performance index of exciton movement beyond Q A

PI φ :

Performance index of primary photochemistry

PIABS :

Performance index on absorption basis

PIRC :

Performance index of absorption per RC

PItotal :

Performance index of reduction of end electron acceptor of PS I

P N :

Net photosynthesis

PS II:

Photosystem II

RC:

Reaction Center

TR0/RC:

Trapped energy flux per active RC

V J :

2 ms relative variable fluorescence

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Acknowledgments

The work was funded by University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, Under the Special Assistance Programme (SAP) through Departmental Research Support (DRS) to P. G. Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. The authors thank the authorities of Utkal University and Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar for providing necessary laboratory and field facility to carry out this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P. G. Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751 004, India

    Debasmita Chhotaray

  2. Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 751 003, India

    C. S. K. Mishra

  3. Department of Botany, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, 753 003, India

    Y. Chandrakala & P. K. Mohapatra

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  1. Debasmita Chhotaray
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  2. Y. Chandrakala
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  3. C. S. K. Mishra
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  4. P. K. Mohapatra
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Correspondence to P. K. Mohapatra.

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Communicated by U. Feller.

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Chhotaray, D., Chandrakala, Y., Mishra, C.S.K. et al. Farm practices influence the photosynthetic performance and plant efficiency of Oryza sativa L.. Acta Physiol Plant 36, 1501–1511 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1527-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1527-7

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