Abstract
In a competitive and deregulated power scenario, the utilities try to maintain their real electric power generation in balance with the load demand, which creates a need for the precise real time generation scheduling (GS). In this paper, the GS problem is solved to perform the unit commitment (UC) based on frequency prediction by using artificial neural network (ANN) with the objective to minimize the overall system cost of the state utility. The introduction of availability-based tariff (ABT) signifies the importance of frequency in GS. Under-prediction or over-prediction will result in an unnecessary commitment of generating units or buying power from central generating units at a higher cost. Therefore, an accurate frequency prediction is the first step toward optimal GS. The dependency of frequency on various parameters such as actual generation, load demand, wind power and power deficit has been considered in this paper. The proposed technique provides a reliable solution for the input parameter different from the one presented in the training data. The performance of the frequency predictor model has been evaluated based on the absolute percentage error (APE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The proposed predicted frequency sensitive GS model is applied to the system of Indian state of Tamilnadu, which reduces the overall system cost of the state utility by keeping off the dearer units selected based on the predicted frequency.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Central Electricity Authority. Load generation balance report (2013-14). 2013-03-15, www.cea.nic.in/reports/yearly/lgbr_report.pdf
Bhushan B. ABC of ABT-A primer on availability tariff. 2013-01-23, http://nrldc.org/docs/documents/Articles/abc_abt.pdf
Sharma S, Parekh B R. Implementation of ABT (availability based tariff)—its treatment & proceedings. 2013-01-23, http://www.bvmengineering.ac.in/docs/published%20papers/electrical/elctrical/301063.pdf
Holmukbe R M, Pawar Y, Desai R S, Hasarmani T S. Availability based tariff and its impact on different industry players-a review. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Modeling, Optimization, and Computing (ICMOS 2010). West Bengal, India, 2010
Soonee S K, Narasimhan S K, Pandey V. Significance of unscheduled interchange mechanism in the Indian electricity supply industry. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems. Minneapolis, USA, 2006
Senjyu T, Shimabukuro K, Uezato K, Funabashi T. A fast technique for unit commitment problem by extended priority list. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2003, 18(2): 882–888
Pang C K, Sheble G B, Albuyeh F. Evaluation of dynamic programming based methods and multiple area representation for thermal unit commitments. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1981, PAS-100(3): 1212–1218
Park J H, Kim S K, Park G P, Yoon Y T, Lee S S. Modified dynamic programming based unit commitment technique. In: 2010 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. Minneapolis, USA, 2010, 1–7
Cheng C P, Liu C W, Liu C C. Unit commitment by Lagrangian relaxation and genetic algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 707–714
Simopoulos D N, Kavatza S D, Vournas C D. Unit commitment by an enhanced simulated annealing algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2006, 21(1): 68–76
Valsan S P, Swarup K S. Hopfield neural network approach to the solution of economic dispatch and unit commitment. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing. New York: IEEE Press, 2004, 311–316
Patel N R. kelkar R B. Generation scheduling considering ABT. In: Proceedings of National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology. Anand, Gujarat, India, 2011, 1–5
CEA. India. Growth of installed capacity since 6th plan. 2012-12-10, http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/dec12/10.pdf
Northern Regional Load Despatch Center. Annual Reports (05-06, 06-07). 2013-03-05, http://www.nrldc.in/grid_reports.aspx
Schlueter R A, Retford E, Park G L. A study of frequency prediction for power systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1978, 23(6): 996–1000
Djukanovic M B, Popovic D P, Sobajic D J, Pao Y H. Prediction of power system frequency response after generator outages using neural nets. IEEE Proceedings C-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 1993, 140(5): 389–398
Mitchell M A, Peas Lopes J A, Fidalgo J N, McCalley J D. Using a neural network to predict the dynamic frequency response of a power system to an under-frequency load shedding scenario. In: 2000 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Seattle, USA, 2000, 346–351
Gupta A K, Balasubramanian R, Vaitheeswaran N. ANN-based block frequency prediction in ABT regime and optimal availability declaration. In: 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century. Pittsburgh, USA, 2008, 1–8
Al-Shareef A J, Mohamed E A, Al-Judaibi E. One hour ahead load forecasting using artificial neural network for the western area of Saudi Arabia. Proceedings of World Academy of Science: Engineering & Technolog, 2008, 39: 219–224
Deshmukh S R, Doke D J, Nerkar Y P. Generation scheduling under ABT using forecasted frequency by artificial neural network and statistical tool. In: Proceedings of Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, India, 2008, 1–6
Senjyu T, Takara H, Uezato K, Funabashi T. One-hour-ahead load forecasting using neural network. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2002, 17(1): 113–118
Deshmukh S R, Doke D J, Nerkar Y P. A statistical frequency estimation for generation scheduling under availability based tariff. In: Proceedings of the 23rd National Convention of Electrical Engineers. Pune, India, 2007
Venkatesh B, Geetha T, Jayashankar V. Frequency sensitive unit commitment with availability based tariff: an Indian example. IET Generation. Transmission & Distribution, 2011, 5(8): 798–805
Deshmukh S R, Doke D J, Nerkar Y P. Optimal Generation Scheduling under ABT using forecasted frequency and load. In: 2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference (POWERCON 2008). New Delhi, India, 2008, 1–6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaur, S., Verma, Y.P. & Agrawal, S. Optimal generation scheduling in power system using frequency prediction through ANN under ABT environment. Front. Energy 7, 468–478 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-013-0282-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-013-0282-6