Abstract
Based on data collected from field experiments, a comprehensive model was built on the Ithink (a registered trademark of iSee Systems) platform to simulate the dynamics of water and nitrogen, and crop performance in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system of the North China plain. The model, consisting of seven sub models, i.e. weather generator, phenology, biomass, dry matter partitioning, water balance, nitrogen balance, and nitrogen absorption and partitioning, well reflects water and nitrogen use and their relationship with crop yield under field conditions.
A vertical water movement equation is employed in the water balance sub model to account for movement between layers. Crop transpiration and soil evaporation are simulated separately according to potential evaporation, crop cover and a soil water deficit coefficient. Soil evaporation is from the surface layer only while crop transpiration comprises the total amount of water absorbed by the root system from all soil layers.
The model considers that nitrogen transformations, transfers and uptake are fulfilled by root systems. Transformation of nitrogen as mineralization, fixation and denitrification are responsive to soil moisture and temperature. Nitrogen movement is simulated with a convection-dispersion equation with nitrate as the soil solute. Nitrogen absorption and partitioning sub model includes the effects of water and nitrogen supply, crop nitrogen demand and nitrogen content in various crop organs. The model can be used to simulate crop yield, water-and nitrogen-use efficiencies and water-nitrogen leaching to specific soil layers in different water and nitrogen management practices.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aggarwal P K, Kalra N, Singh A K and Sinha S K (1994). Analyzing the limitations set by climatic factors, gemotype, water and nitrogen availability on productivity of wheat. The model description: Parametrization and validation. Field Crops Research, 38: 73–91
Aslyng H C, Hansen S, eds (1985). Radiation, water and nitrogen balance in crop production. In: Field Experiments and Simulation Models WATCROS and NITCROS. Hydrotechmical Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Copenhagen
Bergstrom L, Johnson H, Torstensson G (1991). Simulation of soil nitrogen dynamics using the SOILN model. Fertilizer Research, 27: 181–188
Brock T D (1981). Calculating solar radiation for ecological studies. Ecol Model, 14: 1–19
Cao W X, Luo W H (2000). Crop System Simulation and Intelligent Management. Beigjing: Huawen Press, 137–145 (in Chinese)
Carbon F, Giratd G, Ledoux E (1991). Modeling of the nitrogen cycle in farm land area. Fertilizer Research, 27: 161–170
China National Standards of People’s Republic of China (GB. 5749-85): Environmental Quality Standard of Water For Daily-living (1998). Beijing: China Standardization Press, 226–230 (in Chinese)
Dai X F, Ye Z H (1999). Increasing scientific technology input to meet the needs for food and clothing in the next century of the increasing population. Science and Technology Review, 7: 13–17 (in Chinese)
Delong R, Cameron D R (1979). Computer simulation model for predicting soil water content profiles. Soil Science, 128(1): 41–48
Feddes R A, Kowalik P J, Zaradny H (1979). Simulation of Field Water Use and Crop Yield. Simulation Monograph, Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 189
Feng L P (1995). Research on Simulation Model of Winter Wheat Growth and Development (WHEATSM). Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University Press (in Chinese)
Garry J, O’Leary, Connor D J (1996). A simulation model of the wheat crop in response to water and nitrogen supply: I. Model construction. Agricultural System, 56: 1–29
Gong Y S (1994). The field water budget model of winter wheat and summer maize. Journal of China Agricultural University, 259–371 (in Chinese)
Greenwood D J. Modelling of N-responses of winter wheat (in Chinese, trans. Wang Zhihui). Foreign Agronomy-Triticease Crops, 1988, 4: 58–60; 5: 37–40
Hooker M L, Sander D H (1980). Gaseous N losses from winter wheat. Agron J, 72: 789–792
Huang Y F (1996). Regional soil nitrogen behaviours and soil water and nitrogen management. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Beijing: China Agricultural University (in Chinese)
Huang Y F, Li Y Z (1996). Review and prospect of research on nitrogen behavior simulation in soil-crop system. In: Li Y Z, Lu J W, Luo Y P, Tao Y S, eds. Efficient Use of Soil Water and Nutrient. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 170–185 (in Chinese)
Huang Y F, Li Y Z, Lu J W (1996). Simulation of nitrogen behavior in soil-crop system II. Calibration and application of the model. In: Li Y Z, Lu J W, Luo Y P, Tao Y S, eds. Efficient Use of Soil Water and Nutrient. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 179–185 (in Chinese)
Jiang T, Liang Z X (1994). Study on computer simulation and control system of winter wheat. In: Liang Z X, Liu X H, eds. Principles of Winter Wheat Yield Formation in Field Management Technology. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 259–317 (in Chinese)
Ju X T (2000). Transformation and fate of soil-fertilizer nitrogen under winter wheat and summer maize rotation system. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Beijing: China Agricultural University (in Chinese)
Li Y N (1998). Study on development of water-saving agriculture in China. Water-Saving Irrigation, (2): 7–12
Monsi M, Uchijima Z, Oikawa T (1973). Structure of foliage canopies and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4: 301–327
Novak V (1987). Estimation of soil-water extraction patterns by roots. Agric. Water Management, 12: 271–278
Ritchie J T, Otters S (1985). Description and performance of CERES-Wheat: A user-oriented wheat yield model. In: Willis Wo, ed. ARS Wheat Yield Project, 1985—Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS 159–175
Sinclair T R, Amir J (1992). A model to assess nitrogen limitation on the growth and yield of spring wheat. Field Crop Research, 30: 63–78
Sinclair T R, Horie T (1989). Crop physiology and metabolism leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis and crop radiation use efficiency: A review. Crop Science, 29: 90–98
Sun R, Hong J H (1997). Simulation model of summer maize photosynthetic production. Agricultural Meteorology, 18(2): 20–23 (in Chinese)
Tong P Y, Cheng Y N (1997). Model of Maize Growth and Yield. Beijing: China Agricultural Technology Press (in Chinese)
Wang F X, Li Y Z (1999). Use and management of soil water and nitrogen resources II—the simulation of use, loss and annual use efficiency of soil water and nitrogen resources. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 5(4): 297–306 (in Chinese)
Wang G Y (1999). Simulation of crop yield-water relationship of wheat-maize system. Dissertation for the Master Degree. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 27–31 (in Chinese)
Wang L Q, Lu Sh Y (1993). Research on the interrelationship of grain N and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 16(4): 42–47 (in Chinese)
Wang S A (1995). Crop Cultivation. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 35–36 (in Chinese)
Wang Z Y, Wang J (1989). A study on the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen and dry matter of winter wheat cultivars. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 12(2): 56–64 (in Chinese)
You M Z, Wang H X (1996). Soil Water Resources Evaluation of Cropland. Beijing: Meteorology Press
Zhang W L, Tian Z X, Zhang N, Li X Q (1995). Investgation of nitrate pollution in ground water due to nitrogen fertilization in agriculture in north china. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 1(2): 80–87 (in Chinese)
Zhao H M (1999). A study on the simulation model of nitrogen effect on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat. Dissertation for the Master Degree. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 26–30 (in Chinese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
About this article
Cite this article
Liang, W., Lü, H., Wang, G. et al. A simulation model-assisted study on water and nitrogen dynamics and their effects on crop performance in the wheat-maize system I: The model. Front. Agric. China 1, 155–165 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-007-0027-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-007-0027-6