Abstract
The article describes the corrosion inhibition effects of four metal cations (Al, Sn, Pb, Mn) as dopants and five azoles as outer protective layers on pure copper and four brass alloys in borate buffer at pH 10.4. The electrochemical behavior of the four doped brasses, i.e., CuZnAl, CuZnSn, CuZnPb and CuZnMn was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion rate (CR) of all the brasses was found slower than that of pure Cu (0.132 mm year−1) due to the presence of dopant ions, i.e., CuZnMn had the highest CR, 0.019 mm year−1 and CuZnAl had the lowest 0.009 mm year−1. Five azoles, namely benzotriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), benzimidazole, mercaptobenzimidazole and thiadiazole, were successfully employed as efficient corrosion retarders for the brasses. Their concentration-dependent corrosion inhibition was attributed to the spontaneous chemisorption on alloy surface following Langmuir isotherm pattern. Among all the inhibitors, MBT showed maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency between 91 and 96% for different brasses. The impedance modulus markedly increased with inhibitor concentration, revealing a protective effect of these corrosion inhibitors and thus complementing the CV and PDP results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altaf F, Qureshi R, Ahmed S, Khan AY, Naseer A (2010) An electrochemical adsorption studies of urea on copper surface in alkaline medium. J Electroanal Chem 642:98–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.02.011
Altaf F, Qureshi R, Ahmed S (2011) Surface protection of copper by azoles in borate buffers-voltammetric and impedance analysis. J Electroanal Chem 659:134–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.05.013
Ansari KR, Quraishi MA (2015) Isatin derivatives as a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 20% H2SO4. Corros Sci 95:62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.02.010
Antonijevic MM, Petrovic MB (2008) Copper corrosion inhibitors. A review. Int J Electrochem Sci 3:1–28. http://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol3/3010001.pdf
Assaf FH, Abd SS, El Rehim, Zaky AM (1999) Pitting corrosion of zinc in neutral halide solutions. Mater Chem Phys 58:58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(98)00253-3
Badway WA, El-egamy SS, El-Azab AS (1995) The electrochemical behaviour of leaded brass in neutral Cl− and SO4 − media. Corros Sci 37:1969–1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(95)00083-V
Benali O, Larabi L, Harek Y (2010) Inhibiting effects of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole on copper corrosion in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. J Saudi Chem Soc 14:231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2010.02.020
Cao Z, Tang Y, Cang H, Xu J, Lu G, Jing W (2014) Novel benzimidazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in the acidic media”. Part II: Theoretical studies. Corros Sci 83:292–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.02.025
Chen YH, Wu GW, He JL (2015) Antimicrobial brass coatings prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) textile by high power impulse magnetron sputtering. Corros Sci 1:41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.017
Chialvo MRGD, Salvarezza RC, Moll DV, Arvia AJ (1985) Kinetics of passivation and pitting corrosion of polycrystalline copper in borate buffer solution containing sodium chloride. Electrochim Acta 30:1501–1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(85)80012-8
Ćurković HO, Kosec T, Marušić K, Legat A (2012) An electrochemical impedance study of the corrosion protection of artificially formed patinas on recent bronze. Electrochim Acta 83:28–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.07.094
Duran B, Bereket G, Duran M (2012) Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(m-phenylenediamine) film on copper for corrosion protection. Prog Org Coat 73:162–168
El-Egamy SS, El-Azab AS, Badawy WA (1994) Stability of lead brass alloys in acid chloride and sulphate solutions. Corros Sci 50:468–476. https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3293525
Foad El-Sherbini EE, Abd El Rehim SS (2000) Pitting corrosion of zinc in Na2SO4 solutions and the effect of some inorganic inhibitors. Corros Sci 42:785–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(99)00081-5
Fabre PL, Reynes O (2010) Determination of copper and zinc in brass: two basic methods. J Chem Educ 87:836–837. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed100259b
Fateh A, Aliofkhazraei M, Rezvanian AR (2017) Review of corrosive environments for copper and its corrosion inhibitors. Arab J Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.021
Finšgar M (2013) 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole as a copper corrosion inhibitor. Part I: Electrochemistry. Corros Sci 72:82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.03.011
Finšgar M (2015) The first X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis of 4-methyl-2-phenyl-imidazole adsorbed on copper. Anal Methods 7:6496–6503. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ay/c5ay00896d
Finšgar M, Merl DK (2014a) 2-Mercaptobenzoxazole as a copper corrosion inhibitor in chloride solution: electrochemistry, 3D-profilometry, and XPS surface analysis. Corros Sci 80:82–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.11.022
Finšgar M, Merl DK (2014b) An electrochemical, long-term immersion, and XPS study of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole as a copper corrosion inhibitor in chloride solution. Corros Sci 83:164–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.02.016
Fouda AS, El-Dossokib FI, Shady IA (2018) Adsorption and corrosion inhibition behavior of polyethylene glycol on α-brass alloy in nitric acid solution. Green Chem Lett Rev 11(2):67–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2018.1438525
Gelman D, Starosvetsky D, Ein-Eli Y (2014) Copper corrosion mitigation by binary inhibitor compositions of potassium sorbate and benzotriazole. Corros Sci 82:271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2014.01.028
Han HB, Huang XM, Wu YC, Qin YQ, Cao JL (2012) Microstructure and properties of a bismuth-brass. Adv Mater Res 486:270–273. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.486.270
Hayon J, Yarnitzky C, Yahalom J, Bettelheim A (2002) Surface processes characterization for the corrosion of copper in borate solutions. I. The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate. J Electrochem Soc 149:B314–B320. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1480016
Hazzazi OA, Zaky AM, Amin MA, Rehim SSA (2008) Passivation and Cl-induced depassivation of Cu–Ag alloys in borate buffer solutions. Int J Electrochem Sci 3:489–508. http://www.electrochemsci.org/papers/vol3/3040489.pdf
Heidarzadeh A, Saeid T (2016) A comparative study of microstructure and mechanical properties between friction stir welded single and double phase brass alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 649:349–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.012
Hukovic MM, Babic R, Paic I (2000) Copper corrosion at various pH values with and without the inhibitor. J Appl Electrochem 30:617–624. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003956102631
Karpagavalli R, Balasubramaniam R (2007) Influence of arsenic, antimony and phosphorous on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of brasses. J Mater Sci 42:5954–5958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-1132-2
Kumar S, Narayanan TS, Manimaran A, Kumar MS (2007) Effect of lead content on the dezincification behavior of leaded brasses in neutral and acidified 3.5% NaCl solution. Mater Chem Phys 106:134–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2007.05.030
Lakshminarayanan V, Kannan R, Rajagopalan S (1994) Cyclic voltammetric behavior of certain copper-azole systems using carbon paste electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 364:79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(93)02924-7
Larabi L, Benali O, Mekelleche SM, Harek Y (2006) 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole as corrosion inhibitor for copper in hydrochloric acid. Appl Surf Sci 253:1371–1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.013
Ma H, Chen S, Niu L, Zhao S, Li S, Li D (2002) Inhibition of copper corrosion by several Schiff bases in aerated halide solutions. J Appl Electrochem 32:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014242112512
Matos JB, Pereira LP, Agostinho SML, Barcia OE, Cordeiro GGO, Elia ED (2004) Effect of cysteine on the anodic dissolution of copper in sulfuric acid medium. J Electroanal Chem 570:91–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.03.020
Metikoš-Huković M, Babić R, Marinović A (1998) Spectrochemical characterization of benzotriazole on copper. J Electrochem Soc 145:4045–4051. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1838912
Milić SM, Antonijević MM (2009) Some aspects of copper corrosion in presence of benzotriazole and chloride ions. Corros Sci 51:28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.10.007
Morales J, Fernandez GT, Esparza P, Gonzalez S, Salvarezza RC, Arvia AJ (1995) A comparative study on the passivation and localized corrosion of α- and β-brass in borate buffer solutions containing sodium chloride—II. X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy data. Corros Sci 37:231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(94)00109-J
Nasima A, Akram AR, Akram M, Imran R (2017) Triazolethiadiazine derivatives as corrosión inhibitors for copper, mild steel and aluminium surfaces electrochemical and quantum investigations. Protect Metal Phys Chem Surf 53:343–358. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134%2FS2070205117020046.pdf
Osman MM (2001) Corrosion inhibition of aluminum–brass in 3.5% NaCl solution and sea water. Mater Chem Phy 71:12–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(00)00510-1
Pourbaix M (1974) Atlas of electrochemical equilibria in aqueous solutions. Cebelcor, Houston Brussels
Quraishi MA, Farooqi IH, Saini PA (2000) Technical note Inhibition of dezincification of 70–30 brass by aminoalkyl mercaptotriazoles. B Corros J 35:78–80. https://doi.org/10.1179/000705900101501038
Radilla J, Negrón-Silva GE, Palomar-Pardavé M, Romero-Romo M, Galván M (2013) DFT study of the adsorption of the corrosion inhibitor 2-mercaptoimidazole onto Fe (1 0 0) surface. Electrochim Acta 112:577–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.151
Rahmouni K, Keddam M, Srhiri A, Takenouti H (2005) Corrosion of copper in 3% NaCl solution polluted by sulphide ions. Corros Sci 47:3249–3266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.06.017
Rajab MH, Osama IA (2014) Influence of Al and Ti additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of leaded brass alloys. Indian J Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/909506
Ravichandran R, Nanjundan S, Rajendran N (2004) Effect of benzotriazole derivatives on the corrosion and dezincification of brass in neutral chloride solution. J Appl Electrochem 34:1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-004-1702-4
Sherif EM, Park SM (2005) Inhibition of copper corrosion in 3.0% NaCl solution by N-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine. J Electrochem Soc 152:B428–B433. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2018254
Sherif EM, Park SM (2006a) 2-Amino-5-ethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in 3.0% NaCl solutions. Corros Sci 48:4065–4079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.03.011
Sherif EM, Park SM (2006b) Effects of 2-amino-5-ethylthio-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole on copper corrosion as a corrosion inhibitor in aerated acidic pickling solutions. Electrochim Acta 51:6556–6562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.047
Sherif EM, Park SM (2006c) Inhibition of copper corrosion in acidic pickling solutions by N-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine. Electrochim Acta 51:4665–4673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.007
Solmaz R (2014) Investigation of adsorption and corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)rhodanine. Corros Sci 79:169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2013.11.001
Stupnisek-Lisac E, Gazivoda A, Madzarac M (2002) Evaluation of non-toxic corrosion inhibitors for copper in sulphuric acid. Electrochim Acta 47:4189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00436-X
Subramanian R, Lakshminarayanan V (2002) Effect of adsorption of some azoles on copper passivation in alkaline médium. Corros Sci 44:535–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(01)00085-3
Szocs E, Vastag G, Shaban A, Kalman E (2005) Electrochemical behaviour of an inhibitor film formed on copper surface. Corros Sci 47:893–908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2004.06.029
Thulukkanam K (2013) Heat exchanger design handbook, 2nd edn. CRC Taylor & Francis Group, New York, p 87
Vastag G, Szocs E, Shaban A, Bertoti I, Popov-Pergal K, Kalman E (2001) Adsorption and corrosion protection behavior of thiazole derivatives on copper surfaces. Solid State Ionics 141/142:87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00725-1
Wilkins RA, Bunn ES (1943) Copper and copper base alloys, 1st edn. Mc-Graw-Hill, London, pp 29–89
Yang C, Ding Z, Tao QC, Liang L, Ding YF, Zhang WW, Zhu QL (2018) High-strength and free-cutting silicon brasses designed via the zinc equivalent rule. Mater Sci Eng A 723:296–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.03.055
Zaky M (2001) Electrochemical behaviour of copper–silver alloys in sodium carbonate aqueous solution. Br Corros J 36:59–64. https://doi.org/10.1179/000705901101501505
Zhang DQ, Gao LX, Zhou GD (2004) Inhibition of copper corrosion in aerated hydrochloric acid solution by heterocyclic compounds containing a mercapto group. Corros Sci 46:3031–3040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2004.04.012
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the enabling role of the Higher education Commission Islamabad, Pakistan, and appreciate its financial support through “Indigenous Scholarship PhD Program Phase III” for the studies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Altaf, F., Qureshi, R., Yaqub, A. et al. Electrochemistry of corrosion mitigation of brasses by azoles in basic medium. Chem. Pap. 73, 1221–1235 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-00673-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-00673-x