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Food Addiction and Binge Eating During One Year Following Sleeve Gastrectomy: Prevalence and Implications for Postoperative Outcomes

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Abstract

Background

Food addiction and binge eating are common among individuals with obesity. However, a paucity of studies prospectively examined the prevalence and implications of food addiction before and post-bariatric surgery. We aimed to examine the prevalence of food addiction and binge eating before and after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and to assess their associations with behavioral and weight loss outcomes.

Methods

We followed at 3 (M3), 6 (M6), and 12 (M12) months postoperative, 54 women who underwent SG. Data collected including anthropometrics, nutritional intake, food tolerance, and physical activity measures. The Yale Food Addiction Scale and the Binge Eating Scale were used to characterize food addiction and binge eating, respectively.

Results

The mean baseline age and BMI were 32.1 ± 11.1 years and 44.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2, respectively. Pre-surgery, food addiction, and binge eating were identified in 40.7% and 48.1% of patients, respectively. The prevalence of food addiction decreased significantly up to M6, but increased to 29.3% at M12. The prevalence of binge eating decreased significantly through the follow-up up to 17.4% at M12. Those who met criteria for food addiction at M12 achieved significantly lower excess weight loss at M12 compared with those not meeting this criterion (P = 0.005). Food addiction scores at M12 negatively correlated with weekly physical activity (r = − 0.559; P < 0.001) and food tolerance scores (r = − 0.428; P = 0.005).

Conclusions

The reduction in food addiction observed at M6 was not maintained at M12. Food addiction at M12 was associated with poorer weight loss, eating, and lifestyle behaviors. Clinical practice should focus on the psychological aspects associated with obesity.

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Abbreviations

BE:

Binge eating

BES:

Binge Eating Scale

BS:

Bariatric surgery

BMI:

Body mass index

EWL:

Excess weight loss

IBW:

Ideal body weight

PA:

Physical activity

RYGB:

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

SG:

Sleeve gastrectomy

TBWL:

Total body weight loss

WC:

Waist circumference

YFAS:

Yale Food Addiction Scale

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Michal Gavan-Yaacobovich, Rivki Harari and the Linda Joy Poland Women’s Heart Health Center in Hadassah Ein Kerem for their valuable advice throughout the conduct of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Metabolism and Nutrition, Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel

    Tair Ben-Porat

  2. Department of Diet and Nutrition, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel

    Tair Ben-Porat & Dunia Kaluti

  3. Technion School of Medicine and the Department of Pediatrics, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel

    Ram Weiss

  4. Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel

    Shiri Sherf-Dagan

  5. Department of Nutrition, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Shiri Sherf-Dagan

  6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

    Amihai Rottenstreich

  7. Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

    Abed Khalaileh, Mahmud Abu Gazala, Tamar Zaken Ben-Anat, Yoav Mintz & Ram Elazary

  8. Israeli Center for Bariatric Surgery (ICBS), Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    Nasser Sakran

  9. Department of Surgery A, Emek Medical Center, Afula, affiliated with Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    Nasser Sakran

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  1. Tair Ben-Porat
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Contributions

TBP, RW, YM, SSD, AR, TZB, NS and RE designed the research; TBP, DK, MAB, AK and RE performed the research; TBP, RW and RE analyzed the data; and TBP, RW and RE wrote the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript, agree to be fully accountable for ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the work and read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tair Ben-Porat.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in this study were approved by the institutional review board and in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The RCT study was pre-registered in the NIH registration website (TRIAL no. NCT02483026).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Ben-Porat, T., Weiss, R., Sherf-Dagan, S. et al. Food Addiction and Binge Eating During One Year Following Sleeve Gastrectomy: Prevalence and Implications for Postoperative Outcomes. OBES SURG 31, 603–611 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05010-4

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