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Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) Is a Reproducible and Effective Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy Suitable for Widespread Clinical Adoption: a Large, International Multicenter Study

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Abstract

Objective

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG), an incisionless endoscopic bariatric procedure, has shown impressive results in case series. This study examines the reproducibility, efficacy, and safety in three centers across two countries, and identifies key determinants for procedural success.

Design

Patients who underwent ESG between February 2016 and May 2017 at one of three centers (Australia and USA) were retrospectively analyzed. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis using the Apollo OverStitch device (Apollo Endosurgery, Austin, TX). Primary outcomes included absolute weight loss (ΔWeight, kg), change in body mass index (∆BMI, in kg/m2), total body weight loss (TBWL, %), excess weight loss (EWL, in %), and immediate and delayed adverse events.

Results

In total, 112 consecutive patients (male 31%, age 45.1 ± 11.7 years, baseline BMI 37.9 ± 6.7 kg/m2) underwent ESG. At 1, 3, and 6 months, Δweight was 9.0 ± 4.6 kg (TBWL 8.4 ± 4.1%), 12.9 ± 6.4 kg (TBWL 11.9 ± 4.5%), and 16.4 ± 10.7 kg (TBWL 14.9 ± 6.1%), respectively. The proportion of patients who attained greater than 10% TBWL and 25% EWL was 62.2 and 78.0% at 3 months post-ESG and 81.0 and 86.5% at 6 months post-ESG. Weight loss was similar between the three centers. Multivariable analysis showed that male sex, greater baseline body weight, and lack of prior endoscopic bariatric therapy were predictors of greater Δweight at 6 months. Three (2.7%) severe adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

ESG is an effective, reproducible, and safe weight loss therapy that is suitable for widespread clinical adoption.

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Abbreviations

APC:

argon plasma coagulation

EBT:

endoscopic bariatric therapy

ESG:

endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty

EW:

excess weight

EWL:

excess weight loss

ORCD:

obesity-related chronic disease/condition

TBWL:

total body weight loss

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Funding

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Double Bay, NSW, Australia

    Adrian Sartoretto, Zhixian Sui & George Marinos

  2. Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Christine Hill & Lawrence J. Cheskin

  3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 4940 Eastern Avenue, AA Building, 3rd floor, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Margo Dunlap, Mouen A. Khashab, Anthony N. Kalloo, Lea Fayad, Lawrence J. Cheskin & Vivek Kumbhari

  4. Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Angielyn R. Rivera & Erik Wilson

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  1. Adrian Sartoretto
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Contributions

AS and VK had the concept of the work. AS, VK, and ZS completed data analysis and interpretation. All the authors had equal contributions in data collection, drafting the article, and critical revision of the article. All authors approved the final version of the article for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vivek Kumbhari.

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Conflicts of Interest

AS, EW, and VK are consultants with Apollo Endosurgery. AS and GM are consultants for BAROnova. VK is also a consultant for Boston Scientific, Reshape Medical, and Medtronic. MAK is a consultant for Boston Scientific and Olympus America. ANK is a founding member, equity holder, and consultant for Apollo Endosurgery. EW is a consultant for Gore, Intuitive, Ethicon, Olympus, and EndoGastric Solutions. The remaining authors disclose no conflict of interest.

Ethics Statement

All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of retrospective study, formal consent is not required.

Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Sartoretto, A., Sui, Z., Hill, C. et al. Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) Is a Reproducible and Effective Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy Suitable for Widespread Clinical Adoption: a Large, International Multicenter Study. OBES SURG 28, 1812–1821 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-018-3135-x

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