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Sleeve Gastrectomy Decreases Body Weight, Whole-Body Adiposity, and Blood Pressure Even in Aged Diet-Induced Obese Rats

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Abstract

Background

Aging and obesity are two conditions associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to analyze whether an advanced age affects the beneficial effects of sleeve gastrectomy on weight loss and blood pressure in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO).

Methods

Young (6-month-old) and old (18-month-old) male Wistar DIO rats (n = 101) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary interventions (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve gastrectomized animals). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean (MBP) blood pressure values and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious, resting animals by non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmography before and 4 weeks after surgical or dietary interventions.

Results

Aging was associated with higher (P < 0.05) body weight and subcutaneous and perirenal fat mass as well as mild cardiac hypertrophy. Sleeve gastrectomy induced a reduction in body weight, whole-body adiposity, and serum total ghrelin in both young and old DIO rats. The younger group achieved a higher excess weight loss than the older group (164 ± 60 vs. 82 ± 17 %, P < 0.05). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in insulin resistance, SBP, DBP, MBP, and HR without changes in heart weight was observed after sleeve gastrectomy independently of age.

Conclusion

Our results provide evidence for the effectiveness of sleeve gastrectomy without increased operative risk in body weight and blood pressure reduction even in aged animals via endocrine changes that go beyond the mere caloric restriction.

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Abbreviations

Adipo-IR:

Adipocyte insulin resistance index

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

EWL:

Excess weight loss

HOMA:

Homeostasis model assessment

HR:

Heart rate

MBP:

Mean blood pressure

QUICKI:

Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the valuable collaboration of all the staff of the breeding house of the University of Navarra.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

      Rafael Moncada, Amaia Rodríguez, Sara Becerril, Leire Méndez-Giménez, Víctor Valentí, Beatriz Ramírez, Javier A. Cienfuegos, Secundino Fernández, Victoria Catalán & Gema Frühbeck

    2. Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain

      Rafael Moncada, Amaia Rodríguez, Sara Becerril, Leire Méndez-Giménez, Víctor Valentí, Beatriz Ramírez, Javier A. Cienfuegos, Secundino Fernández, Victoria Catalán, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi & Gema Frühbeck

    3. Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

      Amaia Rodríguez, Sara Becerril, Leire Méndez-Giménez, Beatriz Ramírez, Victoria Catalán, Javier Gómez-Ambrosi & Gema Frühbeck

    4. Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

      Rafael Moncada

    5. Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

      Víctor Valentí & Javier A. Cienfuegos

    6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

      Secundino Fernández

    7. Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

      Gema Frühbeck

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    1. Rafael Moncada
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    Correspondence to Gema Frühbeck.

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    R.M., A.R., S.B., L.M.-G., V.V., B.R., J. A.-C., S.F., V.C., J.G.-A., and G.F. declare that they have no conflict of interest.

    This article does not contain any studies with human participants.

    Funding

    This work was supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-FEDER (FIS PI12/00515 and PI13/01430) from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III the Department of Health of the Gobierno de Navarra (61/2014), Plan de Investigación de la Universidad de Navarra (project PIUNA 2011-14), and Fundación Caja Navarra (20-2014). CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.

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    Rafael Moncada and Amaia Rodríguez contributed equally to this work.

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    Moncada, R., Rodríguez, A., Becerril, S. et al. Sleeve Gastrectomy Decreases Body Weight, Whole-Body Adiposity, and Blood Pressure Even in Aged Diet-Induced Obese Rats. OBES SURG 26, 1549–1558 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-1919-9

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