Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bariatric Surgery: Impact on Body Composition After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

  • Other
  • Published:
Obesity Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of bariatric surgery on the body composition of patients suffering from class III obesity at different postoperative time intervals.

Methods

The body composition of 114 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery was measured prior to surgery (T0) and then 30 (T30) and 180 (T180) days following surgery. Body composition was evaluated using the following parameters: total body mass, body mass index, excess weight, percentage of excess weight loss, relative body fat (%F), lean body mass (LBM), and fat tissue mass (FTM). To determine these variables, validated formulas and equations proper to obese men and women were employed.

Results

A significant reduction in %F (41.5%), LBM (20.3%), FTM (37.9%) was noted at each time interval (p ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions

Bariatric surgery proved to be effective in reducing total body mass and body fat at every time interval. However, dietary measures emphasizing adequate protein intake may be implemented in order to reduce loss of LBM and, coupled with frequent physical activity, may help curtail the impact the surgery has on morphological variables.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bender R, Zeeb H, et al. Causes of death in obesity: relevant increase in cardiovascular but not in all-cancer mortality. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:1064–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Busseto L, Pisent C, Rinaldi, et al. Variation in lipid levels in morbidly obese patients operated with the Lap-Band® adjustable gastric banding system: effects of different levels of weight loss. Obes Surg. 2000;10:569–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ciolac EG, Guimarães GV. Exercício físico e síndrome metabólica. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2004;10(4):319–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Das SK. Body composition measurement in severe obesity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2005;8(6):602–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Deitel M. Overweight and obesity worldwide now estimated to involve 1.7 billion people. Obes Surg. 2003;13:329–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Faria OP, Pereira VA, Gangoni CMC, et al. Obesos mórbidos tratados com gastroplastia redutora com bypass gástrico em Y de Roux: análise de 160 pacientes. Brasília Méd. 2002;39(1/4):26–34.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, et al. Trends and correlates of class 3 obesity in the United States from 1990 to 2000. JAMA. 2002;188:1758–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Halpen A. Fisiologia da Obesidade. In: Garrido Júnior AB, Ferraz EM, Barroso FL, et al., editors. Cirurgia da obesidade. São Paulo: Ed. Editora Atheneu; 2003. p. 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hill JO, Sparling PB, Shields TW, et al. Effects of exercise and food restriction and body composition and metabolic rate in obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;46:622–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística—IBGE. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008–2009: Antropometria e Estado Nutricional de Crianças, Adolescentes e Adultos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão/IBGE; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Inge TH, Xanthakos SA, Zeller MH. Bariatric surgery for pediatric extreme obesity: now or later? Int J Obese (Lond). 2007;31:1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jackson AS, Stanforth PR, Gagnon J, et al. The effect of sex, age and race on estimating percentage body fat from body mass index: the heritage family study. Int J Obes. 2002;26:789–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Katzmarzyk PT, Mason C. Prevalence of class I, II and III obesity in Canada. CMAJ. 2006;174(2):156–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Karhunen L, Franssila-Kallunki A, Rissanen A, et al. Determinants of resting energy expenditure in obese non-diabetic Caucasian women. Int J Obes, London. 1997;21:197–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kuhlmann HW, Falconi RA, Wolf AM. Cost-effective bariatric surgery in Germany today. Obes Surg. 2000;10:549–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Liou YM, Liou TH, Chang LC. Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2010;66(6):1246–56.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Loghman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Abridged edition, 1988;90

  18. Maclean LD, Rhode BM, Shizgal HM. Gastroplasty for obesity. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981;153(2):200–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Metcalf B, Rabkin RA, Rabkin JM, et al. Weight loss composition: the effects of exercise following obesity surgery as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Obes Surg. 2005;15:183–6

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mônaco DV, Merhi VAL, Aranha N, et al. Impacto da cirurgia bariátrica tipo capella modificado sobre a perda ponderal em pacientes com obesidade mórbida. Rev Ciênc Méd Campinas. 2006;15(4):289–98.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Muscelli E, Mingrone G, Camastra S, et al. Differential effect of weight loss on insulin resistance in surgically treated obese patients. Am J Med. 2005;118(1):51–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nagaya T, Yoshida H, Takahashi H, et al. Body mass index (weight/height2) or percentage body fat by bioelectrical impedance analysis: which variable better reflects serum lipid profile? Int J Obes. 1999;23:771–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care. Obesity: the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2006. p. 2590.

    Google Scholar 

  24. National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. Gastrointestinal surgery for morbid obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55(2):615s–9s.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Neves CE, Saboya C, Pereira SE, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery on morphological variables in the morbidly obese. FIEP Bulletin. 2007;77:692–4.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Norton K, Olds T. Antropometrica. Rosário: Biosystem Servicio Educativo; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ogden J, Clementi C, Aylwin S, et al. Exploring the impact of obesity surgery on patients health status: a quantitative and qualitative study. Obes Surg. 2005;15(2):266–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Palombo JD, Maletskos CJ, Reinhold RV, et al. Composition of weight loss in morbidly obese patients after gastric bypass. J Surg Res. 1981;30(5):435–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ramalle-Gómara E, Lozano DM, Hernando AB, et al. Validez de lãs medidas autodeclaradas de peso y talla en la estimación de la prevalencia de obesidad. Med Clin. 1997;716:108.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ravussin E, Lillioja S, Knowler W, et al. Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body-weight gain. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:467–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Residori L, Garcia-Lorda P, Flancbaum L, et al. Prevalence of co-morbidities in obese patients before bariatric surgery: effect of race. Obes Surg. 2003;13:333–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Santos EMC, Burgos MPA, Silva SA. Perda ponderal após cirurgia bariátrica de Fobi-Capella: realidade de um hospital universitário do nordeste brasileiro. Rev Bras Nutr Clin. 2006;21(3):188–92.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Shah M, Simha V, Garg A. Review: long term impact of bariatric surgery on body weight, comorbidities, and nutritional status. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2006;91(11):4223–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sjostrom L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(26):2683–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Skroubis G, Sakellaropoulos G, Pouggouras K, et al. Comparison of nutritional deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and after biliopancreatic diversion with Roux-en-y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2002;12:551–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Stiegler P, Cunliffe A. The role of diet and exercise for the maintenance of fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss. Sports Med. 2006;36(3):239–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sugarman HJ. Bariatric surgery for severe obesity. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys. 2001;12(3):129–36.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Suter M, Giusti V. Surgical options of obesity treatment: results and complications. Rev Med Suisse. 2005;1(12):832–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Szego T, Mendes CJL, Bitran A. Derivaçao gastrojejunal por laparoscopia com e sem anel. In: Garrido Jr AB, editor. Cirurgia da obesidade. Sao Paulo: Atheneu; 2002. p. 189–96.

    Google Scholar 

  40. USDA (US Department of Agriculture). Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 2010

  41. van Gemert WG, Westerterp KR, van Acker BA, et al. Energy, substrate and protein metabolism in morbid obesity before, during and after massive weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24:711–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Velasco MN, Haberle TS. Tratamiento cuirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida. Rev Chil Cir. 2003;55(2):155–9.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Weltman A, Levine S, Seip R, et al. Accurate assessment of body composition in obese females. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:1179–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Weltman A, Levine S, Seip R, et al. Practical assessment of body composition in adults males. Hum Biol. 1987;59(3):523–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. WHO (World Health Organization). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva: World health organization; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Professor Maria das Graças Tavares do Carmo (INJC/UFRJ) for her cooperation, without which this article would not be possible. L. A. Aquino receives a grant for technical assistance from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq proc. 371704/2008-1).

Conflict of interest statement

LA Aquino, SE Pereira, JS Silva, CJ Saboya, and A Ramalho declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Research on Micronutrients, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Luana Azevedo de Aquino & Silvia Elaine Pereira

  2. Center for Research on Micronutrients, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco J 2º. Andar. Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Ilha do Fundão – CEP, 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Jacqueline de Souza Silva & Andréa Ramalho

  3. Brazilian Society of Bariatric Surgery and Metabolic, International College of Surgeons, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Carlos José Saboya Sobrinho

Authors
  1. Luana Azevedo de Aquino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Silvia Elaine Pereira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jacqueline de Souza Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Carlos José Saboya Sobrinho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Andréa Ramalho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jacqueline de Souza Silva or Andréa Ramalho.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Aquino, L.A., Pereira, S.E., de Souza Silva, J. et al. Bariatric Surgery: Impact on Body Composition After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. OBES SURG 22, 195–200 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-011-0500-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-011-0500-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation