Abstract
Background
The objective of the study was to translate and validate the questionnaire for the Obesity-Related Problems Scale (OP) in the Spanish language.
Methods
The translation–retranslation procedure and a pilot study were first conducted. Then, patients with morbid obesity who were on a waiting list to undergo bariatric surgery were selected. The construct validity of the OP scale was studied by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Item convergent and divergent validity were examined. The internal consistency of the OP scale, floor and ceiling effects, concurrent validity, and known-group validation were also examined. The Short Form 36 and EuroQol-5D questionnaires were used to evaluate the concurrent validity.
Results
A total of 123 individuals took part in the field study. Factor analyses and the item convergent and divergent validity confirmed the homogeneity of the construct. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was high (0.93), and floor and ceiling effects were small. Regarding the OP scale concurrent validity, the majority exceeded the correlation coefficient of 0.40, and all correlation coefficients were lower than the internal consistency of the OP scale. In relation to the known-group validation, significant differences were found in the OP mean scale according to body mass index (BMI) and age. Those patients with a higher BMI and younger patients reported more obesity-related problems.
Conclusion
These results confirm that this version of the OP scale has been translated and adapted correctly for the Spanish language and that it fulfils the psychometric properties required for these instruments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kushner RF, Foster GD. Obesity and quality of life. Nutrition 2000;16:947–52.
Larsson U, Karlsson J, Sullivan M. Impact of overweight and obesity on health-related quality of life—a Swedish population study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:417–24.
Fontaine K, Cheskin L, Barofsky I. Obesity and health-related quality of life. Obes Rev 2001;2:219–29.
Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;30:473–83.
EuroQoL Group. EuroQoL—A new facility for measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy 1990;16:199–208.
Sullivan M, Karlsson J, Sjöström L, et al. Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS). An intervention study of obesity. Baseline evaluation of health and psychosocial functioning in the first 1743 subjects examined. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1993;17:503–12.
Karlsson J, Taft C, Sjostrom L, et al. Psychosocial functioning in the obese before and after weight reduction: construct validity and responsiveness of the Obesity-Related Problems Scale. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:617–30.
Alonso J, Prieto L, Antó JM. The Spanish version of the SF-36 Health Survey (the SF-36 health questionnaire): an instrument for measuring clinical results. Med Clin (Barc) 1995;104:771–6.
Badía X, Roset M, Montserrat S, et al. The Spanish version of EuroQol: a description and its applications. European quality of life scale. Med Clin (Barc) 1999;112(Suppl 1):79–85.
Aaronson NK, Acquadro C, Alonso J, et al. International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) project. Qual Life Res 1992;1:349–51.
Gandek B, Ware JE Jr. Methods for validating and norming translations of health status questionnaire: the IQOLA Project approach. International quality of life assessment. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51:953–9.
Mar J, Rivero-Arias O, Duran-Cantolla J, et al. Effect on quality of life of nCPAP treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Med Clin (Barc) 2005;125:611–5.
Mar J, Begiristain JM, Arrazola A. Cost-effectiveness analysis of thrombolytic treatment for stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;20:193–200.
Brazier J, Roberts J, Deverill M. The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36. J Health Econ 2002;21:271–92.
Badia X. Using the EuroQol 5-D in the Catalan general population: feasibility and construct validity. Qual Life Res 1998;7:311–22.
Staquet MJ, Hays RD, Fayers PM. Quality of life assessment in clinical trials. Oxford: Oxford Press; 1998.
Batista-Foguet J, Coenders G, Alonso J. Confirmatory factor analysis. Its role on the validation of health related questionnaires. Med Clin 2004;122(Suppl 1):21–7.
Devins GM, Dion R, Pelletier LG, et al. Structure of lifestyle disruptions in chronic disease: a confirmatory factor analysis of the illness intrusiveness ratings scale. Med Care 2001;39:1097–104.
Mulaik SA. Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychol Bull 1989;105:430–45.
Hatcher L. Developing measurement models with confirmatory factor analysis. In: A step-by-step approach to using the SAS® System for factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1994, pp. 249–342.
Cronbach LJ. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of test. Psychometrika 1951;16:297–334.
Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill: New York; 1994.
Fayers PM, Machin D. Quality of life: assessment, analysis and interpretation. West Sussex, UK: Wiley; 2000.
Wyrwich KW, Tierney WM, Wolinsky FD. Further evidence supporting an SEM-based criterion for identifying meaningful intra-individual changes in health-related quality of life. J Clin Epidemiol 1999;52:861–73.
Cohen J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992;112:155–9.
Wadden TA, Phelan S. Assessment of quality of life in obese individuals. Obes Res 2002;10(Suppl 1):50–7.
Hair J, Anderson R, Tatham R, et al. Multivariate data analysis. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1998.
Fairclough DL. Design and analysis of quality of life studies in clinical trials. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 2002.
Kolotkin RL, Head S, Hamilton M, et al. Assessing the impact of weight on quality of life. Obes Res 1995;3:49–56.
Mathias SD, Williamson CL, Colwell HH, et al. Assessing health-related quality-of-life and health state preference in persons with obesity. Qual Life Res 1997;6:311–22.
Le Pen C, Levy E, Loos F, et al. “Specific” scale compared with “generic” scale: a double measurement of the quality of life in a French community sample of obese subjects. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998;52:445–50.
Oria HE, Moorehead MK. Bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS). Obes Surg 1998;8:487–99.
Butler GS, Vallis TM, Perey B. The Obesity Adjustment Survey: development of a scale to assess psychosocial adjustment to morbid obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23:505–11.
Mannucci E, Ricca V, Barciulli E, et al. Quality of life and overweight: the obesity related well-being (Orwell 97) questionnaire. Addict Behav 1999;24:345–57.
Kolotkin RL, Crossby RD, Kosloski KD, et al. Development of a brief measure to assess quality of life in obesity. Obes Res 2001;9:102–11.
Niero M, Martin M, Finger T, et al. A new approach to multicultural item generation in the development of two obesity-specific measures: the Obesity and Weight Loss Quality of Life (OWLQOL) questionnaire and the Weight-Related Symptom Measure (WRSM). Clin Ther 2002;24:690–700.
Kaukua J, Pekkarinen T, Sane T, et al. Health-related quality of life in WHO Class II-III obese men losing weight with very-low-energy diet and behaviour modification: a randomised clinical trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:487–95.
Fontaine KR, Cheskin LJ, Barofsky I. Health-related quality of life in obese persons seeking treatment. J Fam Pract 1996;43:265–70.
Acknowledgements
We thank J. Karlsson for assisting in the translation process. We would like to thank all patients for their collaboration. We also would like to acknowledge the editorial assistance provided by Sally Ebeling.
Conflict of interest
No conflicting relationship exists for any author.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bilbao, A., Mar, J., Mar, B. et al. Validation of the Spanish Translation of the Questionnaire for the Obesity-Related Problems Scale. OBES SURG 19, 1393–1400 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-009-9800-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-009-9800-3