Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vitamin D, PTH, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Severely Obese Subjects

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Obesity Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and vitamin D [25(OH)D] or parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in severely obese subjects.

Research Design and Methods

Cross-sectional study in 298 severely obese patients [body mass index (BMI) 46.7 ± 5.3 kg/m2; women/men, 70.4/29.6%; age 42.9 ± 10.6 years]. Logistic and stepwise regression models were fit to estimate the odds for the MS (revised ATPIII criteria) and each of its individual components across quartiles of 25(OH)D and PTH after adjusting for age (years), gender, BMI, %FM, and season of blood sample collection.

Results

Insufficient 25(OH)D and elevated PTH plasma levels were encountered, respectively, in 64.3 and 47.4% of the studied subjects. The prevalence of MS was 79.5%. In the unadjusted analysis, those in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D were less likely to present the MS [0.42 (95% CI 0.19–0.96)], hyperglycemia [0.47, (0.24–0.92)], high triglycerides [0.48 (0.25–0.95)], low HDL-cholesterol [1.51 (0.76–2.98)], and high blood pressure [0.35 (0.16–0.77)]. Nonetheless, these odds ratios lost significance after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, fat mass, and season. Backward stepwise regression analysis showed that only male gender [2.66 (1.16–6.10)] and age [1.07 (1.03–1.10)] were predictive variables for the MS. We did not find an association between the PTH quartiles and the MS or its individual components.

Conclusions

Our data are consistent with previous reports on the high prevalence of alterations in calcium metabolism in severely obese subjects. However, our data do not support an independent contribution of 25(OH)D or PTH in the pathogenesis of the MS in severely obese subjects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ford ES, Ajani UA, McGuire LC, Liu S. Concentrations of serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1228–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Martini LA, Wood RJ. Vitamin D status and the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev 2006;64:479–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Reis JP, von Muhlen D, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone levels, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1549–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Buffington C, Walker B, Cowan GS Jr, Scruggs D. Vitamin D deficiency in the morbidly obese. Obes Surg 1993;3:421–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hamoui N, Anthone G, Crookes PF. Calcium metabolism in the morbidly obese. Obes Surg 2004;14:9–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:820–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Resnick LM, Muller FB, Laragh JH. Calcium-regulating hormones in essential hypertension. Relation to plasma renin activity and sodium metabolism. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:649–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, diabetes, and ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2813–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mathieu C, Gysemans C, Giulietti A, Bouillon R. Vitamin D and diabetes. Diabetologia 2005;48:1247–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Parikh SJ, Edelman M, Uwaifo GI, et al. The relationship between obesity and serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1196–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jorde R, Svartberg J, Sundsfjord J. Serum parathyroid hormone as a predictor of increase in systolic blood pressure in men. J Hypertens 2005;23:1639–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chiu KC, Chuang LM, Lee NP, et al. Insulin sensitivity is inversely correlated with plasma intact parathyroid hormone level. Metabolism 2000;49:1501–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Vidal J, Morinigo R, Codoceo VH, et al. The importance of diagnostic criteria in the association between the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005;29:668–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. McKenna MJ, Freaney R. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: means to defining hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 2:S3–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pietrobelli A, Rubiano F, St Onge MP, Heymsfield SB. New bioimpedance analysis system: improved phenotyping with whole-body analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58:1479–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Botella-Carretero JI, Alvarez-Blasco F, Villafruela JJ, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the metabolic syndrome in morbid obesity. Clin Nutr 2007;26:573–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Lips P, Chapuy MC, Dawson-Hughes B, Pols HA, Holick MF. An international comparison of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements. Osteoporos Int 1999;9:394–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Martinez-Larrad MT, Fernandez-Perez C, Gonzalez-Sanchez JL, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (ATP-III criteria). Population-based study of rural and urban areas in the Spanish province of Segovia. Med Clin (Barc) 2005;125:481–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Obesity Unit, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain

    Sergio Rueda, Cristian Fernández-Fernández, Fabiola Romero & Josep Vidal

  2. Center for Biological Diagnostics, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain

    Ma. Jesús Martínez de Osaba

Authors
  1. Sergio Rueda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cristian Fernández-Fernández
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fabiola Romero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ma. Jesús Martínez de Osaba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Josep Vidal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Josep Vidal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rueda, S., Fernández-Fernández, C., Romero, F. et al. Vitamin D, PTH, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Severely Obese Subjects. OBES SURG 18, 151–154 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-007-9352-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-007-9352-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation