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Evolutionary History of the Morocco lizard-Fingered Geckos of the Saurodactylus brosseti Complex

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Abstract

Studies of biodiversity in the Maghreb have revealed high genetic diversity and divergent genetic lineages among many taxa including squamates. Geographic barriers such as the Atlas Mountains are one of the key factors promoting genetic differentiation and the high levels of endemism. The lizard-fingered gecko Saurodactylus brosseti is endemic to Morocco. Its range includes both sides of the Atlas Mountains, and although high diversity was previously identified within the species, much of the range was unsampled. To understand the evolutionary and biogeographical history of this species, we used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data from 64 populations sampled across the entire species range. We employed phylogenetic methods based on gene trees and species trees as well as a time calibrated Bayesian genealogy and coalescent species delimitation approaches. We uncovered four highly divergent and allopatric mitochondrial lineages that did not share haplotypes at variable nuclear loci, suggesting the four groups have been evolving independently since the Miocene, according to our molecular dating estimates. These results coupled with the geographic pattern of genetic diversity suggest a possible role of the Atlas Mountains for the divergence observed between the four lineages of S. brosseti, while each lineage probably later underwent several episodes of fragmentation followed by (re-) expansion during Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Bayesian species delimitation analysis indicates that the four lineages may well be distinct species but we suggest that detailed morphological analyses are needed prior to taxonomic changes. The four lineages represent ancient independent evolutionary units, and deserve conservation management as distinct entities.

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Acknowledgements

Fieldwork was supported by the ‘Percy Sladen Memorial Fund’ grant (to DS in 2013) and the ‘British Herpetological Society’ and ‘the Explorers Fund’ grants (to DR in 2014 and 2015 respectively). CR, DS and DJH are supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) under the Programa Operacional Potencial Humano—Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional funds from the European Social Fund and Portuguese Ministério da Educação e Ciência (CR: post-doctoral Grant SFRH/BPD/92343/2013; DS: post-doctoral Grant SFRH/BPD/105274/2014; DJH: contract IF/01627/2014). DS is currently supported by the program ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’ for the recruitment of young researchers at the University of L’Aquila.

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  1. CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, No 7, Vairão, Vila Do Conde, 4485-661, Portugal

    Daniela Rosado, Catarina Rato, Daniele Salvi & David James Harris

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal

    Daniela Rosado

  3. Departament of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Coppito, Italy

    Daniele Salvi

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  1. Daniela Rosado
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Rosado, D., Rato, C., Salvi, D. et al. Evolutionary History of the Morocco lizard-Fingered Geckos of the Saurodactylus brosseti Complex. Evol Biol 44, 386–400 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-017-9417-8

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