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Comparison of Mandibular Phenotypic and Genetic Integration between Baboon and Mouse

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Abstract

In this study we compare patterns of mandibular integration between mice and baboons using both phenotypic and quantitative genetic data. Specifically, we test how well each species fits with the mosaic model of mandibular integration suggested by Atchley and Hall (Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 66:101–157, 1991) based on developmental modules. We hypothesize that patterns of integration will be similar for mice and baboons and that both species will show strong integration within developmental modules and weaker integration between modules. Corresponding landmark data were collected from the hemi-mandibles of an advanced intercross mouse sample (N = 1239) and mandibles from a baboon sample of known pedigree from the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (N = 430). We used four methods of analysis to quantify and compare the degree of mandibular integration between species including two methods based on a priori assumptions, and two a posteriori analyses. We found that patterns of integration are broadly similar for baboon and mouse mandibles, with both species displaying a modular pattern of integration. While there is a general trend of similarity in integration patterns between species, there were some marked differences. Mice are strongly correlated among distances within the coronoid process and the incisive alveolar region, whereas baboons are strongly integrated within the condylar process. We discuss the potential evolutionary implications of the similar patterns of integration between these species with an emphasis on the role of modularity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank everyone who participated in the Morphological Integration symposium at the American Association of Physical Anthropology meetings in Columbus, Ohio for their stimulating discussions on integration which have greatly influenced this manuscript. We are grateful to Ryan Adams for technical assistance. We also thank all of the members of the Genomics of Cranial Morphology Consortium especially Alan Walker and Ken Weiss for their insightful comments and suggestions that greatly improved this study. Funding for this study was provided by NSF grants BCS 0522112, BCS 0523305, BCS 0523637, BCS 0725031, BCS 0725068, and BCS 0725227.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Katherine E. Willmore & Joan T. Richtsmeier

  2. Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S. Matthews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Charles C. Roseman

  3. Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX, 78245-0549, USA

    Jeffrey Rogers

  4. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    James M. Cheverud

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  1. Katherine E. Willmore
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Correspondence to Katherine E. Willmore.

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Willmore, K.E., Roseman, C.C., Rogers, J. et al. Comparison of Mandibular Phenotypic and Genetic Integration between Baboon and Mouse. Evol Biol 36, 19–36 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-009-9056-9

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