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New Salinity Tolerant Species of Gyrodactylus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) on Intertidal and Supratidal Fish Species from the Chilean Coast

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Abstract

Purpose

The intertidal and supratidal coastal zone challenges the osmoregulatory capacity of aquatic inhabitants. Four new species of Gyrodactylus ectoparasites on two intertidal fishes from Chile are described based on molecular and morphological analyses.

Methods

Monogeneans were found from two fish species, the clingfish Sicyases sanguineus Müller & Troschel, 1843 and the combtooth blenny Scartichthys viridis Valenciennes, 1836. The morphology was described by drawings, and minimal measurements. The parasites were barcoded via the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA over ITS1-5.8S-ITS2.

Results

The air-breathing clingfish S. sanguineus carried Gyrodactylus amphibius sp. nov., hiding in the ventral sucker formed by the modified pectoral fins of the fish. The intertidal combtooth blenny S. viridis carried three other new species: Gyrodactylus scartichthi sp. nov., Gyrodactylus viridae sp. nov., and Gyrodactylus zietarae sp. nov.

Conclusion

The four new species were all phylogenetically related with the previously described G. chileani Ziętara et al. 2012 on triplefin Helcogrammoides chilensis Cancino, 1960 in the same habitat. Thus, the five Chilean Pacific Gyrodactylus species formed a statistically well-supported (100%) monophyletic clade together with three geographically distant species recorded in Europe. The Chilean Pacific parasites are not related to G. salinae and G. magadiensis, parasites described in extreme osmotic stress environments earlier.

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Acknowledgements

The study was carried out under the state order 0218-2019-0075. Funding in Oulu lab was from the Academy of Finland to JL.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, RAS Petrozavodsk, Pushkinskaya 11, Republic of Karelia, Russia

    Daria Lebedeva

  2. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avenida Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile

    Gabriela Muñoz

  3. Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, POB 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland

    Jaakko Lumme

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  1. Daria Lebedeva
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Correspondence to Daria Lebedeva.

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Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

11686_2021_347_MOESM1_ESM.fas

Supplementary file1 The phylogenetic hypothesis of global collection of 5.8S + beginning of ITS2 (234 bp) to suggest the phylogenetic position of G. magadiensis, G. salinae and G. amphibius adapted to high salinity. The nearest relatives of the Kenyan G. magadiensis are G. lamothei and G. katamba from Mesa Central, Mexico [37] (FAS 22 KB)

11686_2021_347_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplementary file2 The FASTA alignment 5.8S + ITS2 sequences of the Gyrodactylus species sharing identical 5.8S ribosomal DNA used for phylogenetic reconstruction in Fig. 2 (PDF 58 KB)

Supplementary file3 Supplementary figures SFig1, SFig2, SFig3 in .pdf format (DOCX 423 KB)

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Lebedeva, D., Muñoz, G. & Lumme, J. New Salinity Tolerant Species of Gyrodactylus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) on Intertidal and Supratidal Fish Species from the Chilean Coast. Acta Parasit. 66, 1021–1030 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00347-x

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