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Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical “Two-hit” theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a “metabolic organ” that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.

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Acknowledgements

Houkai Li was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81673662), The Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar), and Shuguang Scholar (No. 16SG36) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning from Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.

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  1. Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Ruiting Han, Junli Ma & Houkai Li

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Han, R., Ma, J. & Li, H. Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota. Front. Med. 12, 645–657 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9

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