Skip to main content
Log in

Expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor in breast cancer

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Medicine in China Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study is mainly aimed at evaluating the expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF) in breast cancer and breast adenofibroma, and to compare with other commonly used clinical pathological indices, then to investigate the diagnostic and targeted therapeutic purpose of PCDGF in breast cancer tissue. In this study, we detected the expression of PCDGF, p53 and CerbB-2 in breast cancer tissue and the expression of PCDGF in breast adenofibroma tissue by immunohistochemical method, and analyzed the relationship between them. We found that PCDGF was expressed in most breast cancer tissue, but was not in breast adenofibroma tissue, and the expression of PCDGF was related with the tumor’s pathological category and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and p53, but there was no statistical dependability between PCDGF and cerbB-2. From this study, we predict that PCDGF may serve as a marker in the secondary diagnosis of breast cancer, and may participate in the generation and differentiation of breast cancer cells, and become an effective target of therapy for breast cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hoskins K, Weber B L. The biology of breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol, 1994, 6(6): 554–559

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Reiss K, Valentinis B, Tu X, Xu S Q, Baserga R. Molecular markers of IGF-I-mediated mitogenesis. Exp Cell Res, 1998, 242(1): 367–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tangkeangsirisin W, Serrero G. PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF/GP88, progranulin) stimulates migration, invasiveness and VEGF expression in breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis, 2004, 25(9): 1587–1592

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Zanocco-Marani T, Bateman A, Romano G, Valentinis B, He Z H, Baserga R. Biological activities and signaling pathways of the granulin/epithelin precursor. Cancer Res, 1999, 59(20): 5331–5340

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tangkeangsirisin W, Hayashi J, Serrero G. PC cell-derived growth factor mediates tamoxifen resistance and promotes tumor growth of human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res, 2004, 64(5): 1737–1743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lu R Q, Serrero G. Inhibition of PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF, epithelinygranulin precursor) expression by antisense PCDGF cDNA transfection inhibits tumorigenicity of the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-468. PNAS, 2000, 97(8): 3993–3998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kuang S Q, Liao L, Zhang H, Lee A V, O’Malley B W, Xu J M. AIB1/SRC-3 deficiency affects insulin-like growth factor I signaling pathway and suppresses v-Ha-ras-induced breast cancer initiation and progression in mice. Cancer Res, 2004, 64(5): 1875–1885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Shi L, Song H P, Liu C P, Huang T. Effect of PC-cell derived growth factor shRNA on estrogen dependent of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell lines. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi, 2007, 45(7): 483–486 (in Chinese).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang T, Song H P, Zhang J H. Effect of PCDGF shRNA on growth, proliferation, apoptosis of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and expression of VEGF. Ai Zheng, 2006, 25(3): 303–307 (in Chinese)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bhandari V, Bateman A. Structure and chromosomal location of the human granulin gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1992, 188(1): 57–63

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bateman A, Belcourt D, Bennett H, Lazure C, Solomon S. Granulins, a novel class of peptide from leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1990, 173(3): 1161–1168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bhandari V, Giaid A, Bateman A. The complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, tissue distribution, and cellular localiza-tion of the rat granulin precursor. Endocrinology, 1993, 133(6): 2682–2689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sparro G, Galdenzi G, Eleuteri A M, Angeletti M, Schroeder W, Fioretti E. Isolation and N-terminal sequence of multiple forms of granulins in human urine. Protein Expr Purif, 1997, 10(2): 169–174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang H, Serrero G. Inhibition of the tumorigenicity of the teratoma PC cell line by transfection with antisense cDNA for PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF, epithelin/granulin precursor). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1998, 95(24): 14202–14207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lu R, Serrero G. Inhibition of PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF, epithelin/granulin precursor) expression by antisense PCDGF cDNA transfection inhibits tumorigenicity of the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-468. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(8): 3993–3998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lu R, Serrero G. Mediation of estrogen mitogenic effect in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by PC cell-derived growth factor (PCDGF/granulin precursor). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2001, 98(1): 142–147

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lu R, Serrero G. Stimulation of PC cell-derived growth factor (epithelin/granulin precursor) expression by estradiol in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1999, 256(1): 204–207

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Moriya T, Kanomata N, Kozuka Y, Fukumoto M, Iwachido N, Hata S, Takahashi Y, Miura H, Ishida K, Watanabe M. Usefulness of immunohistochemistry for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions. Breast Cancer, 2009, 16(3): 173–178

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hosaka N, Ryu T, Cui W, Li Q, Nishida A, Miyake T, Takaki T, Inaba M, Ikehara S. Relationship of p53, Bcl-2, Ki-67 index and E-cadherin expression in early invasive breast cancers with comedonecrosis as an accelerated apoptosis. J Clin Pathol, 2006, 59(7): 692–698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Liau L M, Lallone R L, Seitz R S, Buznikov A, Gregg J P, Kornblum H I, Nelson S F, Bronstein J M. Identification of a human glioma-associated growth factor gene, granulin, using differential immuno-absorption. Cancer Res, 2000, 60(5): 1353–1360

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. He Z, Bateman A. Progranulin gene expression regulates epithelial cell growth and promotes tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Res, 1999, 59(13): 3222–3229

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Naeem M, Nasir A, Aman Z, Ahmad T, Samad A. Frequency of HER-2/neu receptor positivity and its association with other features of breast cancer. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 2008, 20(3): 23–26

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vinothini G, Murugan R S, Nagini S. Evaluation of molecular markers in a rat model of mammary carcinogenesis. Oncol Res, 2009, 17(10): 483–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Carlsson J, Soussi T, Persson B. Investigation and prediction of the severity of p53 mutants using parameters from structural calculations. FEBS J, 2009, 276(15): 4142–4155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Vinothini G, Murugan R S, Nagini S. Evaluation of molecular markers in a rat model of mammary carcinogenesis. Oncol Res, 2009, 17(10): 483–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Seewaldt V L, Mrók K, Sigle R, Dietze E C, Heine K, Hockenbery D M, Hobbs K B, Caldwell L E. Suppression of p53 function in normal human mammary epithelial cells increases sensitivity to extracellular matrix-induced apoptosis. J Cell Biol, 2001, 155(3): 471–486

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sivaraman L, Conneely O M, Medina D, O’Malley B W. p53 is a potential mediator of pregnancy and hormone-induced resistance to mammary carcinogenesis. PNAS, 2001, 98(22): 12379–12384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Shilkaitis A, Green A, Punj V, Steele V, Lubet R, Christov K. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the progression phase of mammary carcinogenesis by inducing cellular senescence via a p16-dependent but p53-independent mechanism. Breast Cancer Res, 2005, 7(6): R1132–R1140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hirsch F R, Scagliotti G V, Langer C J, Varella-Garcia M, Franklin W A. Epidermal growth factor family of receptors in preneoplasia and lung cancer: perspectives for targeted therapies. Lung Cancer, 2003, 41 Suppl 1: S29–S42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kim J A. Targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer, Am J Surg, 2003, 186(3): 264–268

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Murphy C G, Modi S. HER2 breast cancer therapies: a review. Biologics, 2009, 3: 289–301

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Martín-Orozco R M, Almaraz-Pro C, Rodríguez-Ubreva F J, Cortés M A, Ropero S, Colomer R, López-Ruiz P, Colás B. EGF prevents the neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP cells induced by serum deprivation: the modulator role of PI3K/Akt. Neoplasia, 2007, 9(8): 614–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haiping Song.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Song, H., Shi, L., Liu, C. et al. Expression of PC-cell-derived growth factor in breast cancer. Front. Med. China 3, 426–430 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-009-0085-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-009-0085-7

Keywords

Navigation