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Distinct effects of late adulthood cognitive and physical activities on gray matter volume

  • SI: Resilience/Reserve in AD
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Abstract

Engagement in cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) during the lifespan may counteract brain atrophy later in life. Here, we investigated engagement in CA and PA during late adulthood in association with gray matter volume (GM) in normal older adults, with special focus on the hippocampus. Forty-five cognitively normal older individuals (mean age: 72) underwent T1-weighted MRI and self-reported CA and PA assessment. Whole brain voxel-wise multiple regression models were carried out to assess the relationships between CA, PA and GM volume adjusted by age and sex. Further adjustment for years of education and risk factors were performed. Voxel-wise analyses were projected on 3D hippocampal surface views. Cognitive activity and PA demonstrated independent regional associations with GM after adjustment for confounders. Cognitive activity was related to greater GM in extended brain areas including frontal, temporal and parietal cortices, while PA was associated with increased GM in the prefrontal, insular and motor cortices. Regression maps projected on the hippocampal surface showed a common association of PA and CA within the anterior part of the hippocampus, although the effect of CA was more subtle and also extended to the posterior part. Engagement in PA and CA in late adulthood were independently related to regional GM volume, notably in aging and AD vulnerable areas. These results support the idea that both PA and CA- based interventions may be suitable to promote brain health in late adulthood. The potential synergistic effects of PA and CA need to be addressed in future studies including larger samples.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank M. Leblond, C. Tomadesso, Dr. A. Perrotin, Dr. K Mevel, Dr. N. Villain, Dr. M. Fouquet, Dr. La Joie, Dr. A. Quillard, Dr. C. Schupp, Dr. J. Dayan, and the Cyceron MRI-PET staff members for their help with the patients and the imaging examination.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, U1077, Caen, France

    Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Robin de Flores, Julie Gonneaud, Miranka Wirth, Valentin Ourry, William Callewaert, Brigitte Landeau, Stéphanie Egret, Florence Mézenge, Béatrice Desgranges & Gaël Chételat

  2. Université de Caen-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France

    Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Robin de Flores, Julie Gonneaud, Miranka Wirth, Valentin Ourry, William Callewaert, Brigitte Landeau, Stéphanie Egret, Florence Mézenge, Béatrice Desgranges & Gaël Chételat

  3. Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France

    Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Robin de Flores, Julie Gonneaud, Miranka Wirth, Valentin Ourry, William Callewaert, Brigitte Landeau, Stéphanie Egret, Florence Mézenge, Béatrice Desgranges & Gaël Chételat

  4. CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France

    Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo, Robin de Flores, Julie Gonneaud, Miranka Wirth, Valentin Ourry, William Callewaert, Brigitte Landeau, Stéphanie Egret, Florence Mézenge, Béatrice Desgranges & Gaël Chételat

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  1. Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo
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  2. Robin de Flores
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  11. Gaël Chételat
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Correspondence to Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo.

Ethics declarations

This study was supported by Fondation Plan Alzheimer (2008–2012 Alzheimer Plan), the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-N, 2011, 06–01, PHRC-N, 2012, 12–006-0347), the 2007 LONGVIE programme of the French National Research Agency (ANR, 07LVIE 006), Conseil regional de Normandie, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), and Association France Alzheimer. Authors have no conflict of interest. The local ethics committee approved the study and all participants gave written informed consent before the examinations. This study is in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.

Additional information

Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo and Robin de Flores equally contributed to the present work.

Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary Figure 1

Brain areas (from right to left) of the voxel-wise multiple regression model of physical activity and GM volume (a) and cognitive activity and GM volume (b) (both included in a single model) adjusted by age, sex, years of education, BMI and depression scores. (GIF 294 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 1066 kb)

Supplementary Table 1

(DOCX 15 kb)

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Arenaza-Urquijo, E.M., de Flores, R., Gonneaud, J. et al. Distinct effects of late adulthood cognitive and physical activities on gray matter volume. Brain Imaging and Behavior 11, 346–356 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-016-9617-3

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