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Effects of Acute Nicotine Abstinence on Cue-elicited Ventral Striatum/Nucleus Accumbens Activation in Female Cigarette Smokers: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

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Abstract

To achieve greater understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying nicotine craving in female smokers, we examined the influence of nicotine non-abstinence vs. acute nicotine abstinence on cue-elicited activation of the ventral striatum. Eight female smokers underwent an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm presenting randomized sequences of smoking-related and non-smoking related pictures. Participants were asked to indicate by a key press the gender of individuals in smoking-related and non-smoking related pictures (gender discrimination task), to maintain and evaluate attention to the pictures. There was a significant effect of smoking condition on reaction times (RT) for a gender discrimination task intended to assess and maintain attention to the photographs—suggesting a deprivation effect of acute nicotine abstinence and a statistical trend indicating greater RTs for smoking cues than neutral cues. BOLD contrast (smoking vs. non-smoking cues) was greater in the non-abstinent vs. acutely abstinent conditions in the ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens (VS/NAc). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between baseline cigarette craving prior to scanning and VS/NAc activation (r = 0.84, p = 0.009), but only in the non-abstinent condition. These results may either be explained by ceiling effects of nicotine withdrawal in the abstinent condition or, may indicate reduced relative activation (smoking vs. neutral contrast) in the VS/NAc in the abstinent vs. non-abstinent conditions in this group of female smokers.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Public Health Service grant K08 DA14276 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, and by Cancer Research UK. Work in the Centre for Functional Neuroimaging of the Brain (FMRIB) and personal support to PMM come from the Medical Research Council. We would like to acknowledge Peter Hobden for assistance in protocol development and scanner operation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK

    Sean P. David

  2. Center for Primary Care & Prevention, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket, RI, 02860, USA

    Sean P. David

  3. Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Marcus R. Munafò

  4. Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Heidi Johansen-Berg

  5. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, USA

    James MacKillop

  6. Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, USA

    Lawrence H. Sweet & Ronald A. Cohen

  7. Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, USA

    Raymond Niaura

  8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Robert D. Rogers

  9. GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Imaging Centre, London, UK

    Paul M. Matthews

  10. Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia

    Robert T. Walton

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  1. Sean P. David
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Correspondence to Sean P. David.

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The research reported in this manuscript was performed at the Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Department of Clinical Neurology, The University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.

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David, S.P., Munafò, M.R., Johansen-Berg, H. et al. Effects of Acute Nicotine Abstinence on Cue-elicited Ventral Striatum/Nucleus Accumbens Activation in Female Cigarette Smokers: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Brain Imaging and Behavior 1, 43–57 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-007-9004-1

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