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Development of Novel Thermal Sprayed Hydroxyapatite-Rare Earth (HA-Re) Coatings for Potential Antimicrobial Applications in Orthopedics

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Abstract

Biofilm-associated infections and the lack of successful tissue integration of biomaterial surfaces are the two main barriers to the long-term service of implanted biomaterials. Development of novel biocompatible antimicrobial materials has provided insights into their potential biomedical applications. Many clinical studies have successfully proved that hydroxyapatite coating has excellent osteogenic activity but lacks antibacterial infection in the early stages after implantation. Rare earth (Re) elements have become promising antibacterial biocides and bone-forming effects. Antibacterial capacity of 14 rare earth elements (Eu, Gd, Ce, Nd, Y, La, Pr, Er, Sm, Ho, Tb, Yb, Lu, Dy) was assayed. The gadolinium (Gd) showed outstanding broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report Gd-HA coatings deposited on titanium (Ti) substrate by liquid thermal spraying. The grain size of Gd-HA decreased slightly after Gd3+ incorporation. The antibacterial properties of Gd-HA composite coatings were determined against Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli and Gram-positive pathogens Staphylococcus epidermidis. The anti-infection performances were assessed by examining bacteria adhesion and biofilm formation on the coatings. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the Gd-doped HA coatings was further measured on human osteoblast cell line by CCK-8 method. The thermal sprayed HA-Re composite coatings show improved antimicrobial and biocompatible properties and great applicable potential in orthopedics.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant # 52071329), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant # LY18C100003), The Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant # 2020299) and S&T Innovation 2025 Major Special Programme of Ningbo, China (Grants # 2020Z095). Jiangxi Province Key Research and Development Projects of China (Grants # 20192BBE50033 and 20202BBEL53031).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China

    Chunling Yang, Qianhong Ren, Yi Liu, Ping Zhou & Hua Li

  2. Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China

    Chunling Yang, Qianhong Ren, Yi Liu, Ping Zhou & Hua Li

  3. Institute of Applied Physics, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330029, China

    Jin Liu & Yi Liu

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  1. Chunling Yang
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This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 10th Asian Thermal Spray Conference (ATSC 2020) and has been expanded from the original presentation. ATSC 2020 was held in Ningbo, China, from November 1-3, 2020, and was organized by the Asian Thermal Spray Society with Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences as the Host Organizer.

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Yang, C., Liu, J., Ren, Q. et al. Development of Novel Thermal Sprayed Hydroxyapatite-Rare Earth (HA-Re) Coatings for Potential Antimicrobial Applications in Orthopedics. J Therm Spray Tech 30, 886–897 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01154-6

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