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Effect of WC Composition on the Microstructure and Surface Properties of Laser Directed Energy Deposited SS 316-WC Composites

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Abstract

This paper reports an investigation on SS 316-tungsten carbide (WC) composites built using laser-directed energy deposition by varying the WC volume fraction from 6 to 10%. The built structures are subjected to characterization to investigate the effect of WC on the relative density, microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of SS 316-WC composites. It is observed that the relative density of composite reduces with an increase in the volume fraction of WC particles. The microstructure is primarily dendritic, and XRD analysis revealed the presence of WC and \(\gamma\)Fe phases with minimum crystallite size of 18.82 nm at 10% of WC in SS 316. The improvement in corrosion resistance is identified with the addition of WC, and least current density of \(1.47\frac{{{\rm{\mu A}}}}{{{\rm{cm}}^{2} }}\) is identified with 8% of WC. The microhardness of composite is observed to increase with an increase in the WC content and the wear rate is observed to reduce with an increase in WC content. Maximum hardness of 399.5 HV0.98N and minimum wear rate of 0.03107 × 10−4 mm3/Nm are obtained at 10% of WC. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate the presence of parallel grooves, wear debris and plastic deformation on the wear tracks.

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Acknowledgment

K Benarji acknowledges the financial support from Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India and National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India. The authors thank the support from Mr. C H Premsingh and Mr. U Kumar of LAML, RRCAT for help during sample preparation and Mr. S K Nayak and Mr. S Yadav of LAML, RRCAT for corrosion studies. The authors also thank the support from Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India, for all the characterization facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India

    K. Benarji & Y. Ravi kumar

  2. Laser Technology Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452013, India

    A. N. Jinoop, C. P. Paul & K. S. Bindra

  3. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400094, India

    A. N. Jinoop, C. P. Paul & K. S. Bindra

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This invited article is part of a special topical focus in the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance on Additive Manufacturing. The issue was organized by Dr. William Frazier, Pilgrim Consulting, LLC; Mr. Rick Russell, NASA; Dr. Yan Lu, NIST; Dr. Brandon D. Ribic, America Makes; and Caroline Vail, NSWC Carderock.

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Benarji, K., Ravi kumar, Y., Jinoop, A.N. et al. Effect of WC Composition on the Microstructure and Surface Properties of Laser Directed Energy Deposited SS 316-WC Composites. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 6732–6742 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05971-2

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