Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of a Strain-Hardening Rate at Uniform Elongation on Sheared Edge Stretching

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Edge failure during stretching of sheared edges limits the use of sheet steels in a number of product applications. The shearing process causes a highly strained region adjacent to the shear face, called the shear-affected zone. In the present study, the strain-hardening rate at uniform elongation, Z, is used as an empirical measure of cohesive strength at the interface of the various phases in steel microstructures. The higher the value of Z, the lower the macro strain when voids begin to form that lead to decohesion of the interface and subsequent failure. The data from four different studies are used to show that the true circumferential strain at failure in a hole expansion is a direct function of Z for most microstructural conditions. Sheet steels that exhibit better performance than that which would be expected for their Z values have one or more of the following characteristics—an increase in ferrite strength, lower carbon martensite in DP steels, or TRIP steels. A hot-rolled ferrite/pearlite microstructure is the only case of decreased true circumferential strain at failure for a given value of Z.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B.S. Levy and C.J. Van Tyne, Review of the Shearing Process for Sheet Steels and Its Effect on Sheared Edge Stretching, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2011, doi:10.1007/s11665-011-9997-x

  2. S.B. Lee, J.G. Speer, Matlock, and K.G. Chin, Analysis of Stretch-Flangability Using a Ductile Fracture Model, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advanced Structural Steels, H.C. Lee, Ed. (Seoul, Korea), Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, 2006, p 841–849

  3. Z. Milosevec and F. Moussy, Simulation of sheared edge behavior in stretch flanging by a modified Fukui test, Advanced Technology of Plasticity, Vol II, K. Lange, Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1987, p 697–702

    Google Scholar 

  4. X. Sun, K.S. Choi, W.N. Lui, and M.A. Khaleel, Predicting Failure Modes and Ductility of Dual Phase Steels Using Plastic Strain Localization, Int. J. Plast., 2009, 25, p 1888–1909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J.H. Kim, M.G. Lee, D. Kim, D.K. Matlock, and R.H. Wagoner, Hole-Expansion Formability of Dual Phase Steels Using Representative Volume Element Approach with Boundary-Smoothing Technique, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 7353–7363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S.B. Lee, J.G. Speer, and D.K. Matlock, The Influence of Phase Distribution and Interfaces on Fracture and Formability of High Strength Steel Sheets, Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels for Automotive Applications (Warrendale, PA, USA), AIST, 2004, p 383–394

  7. S.B. Lee, D.K. Matlock, and J.G. Speer, Ductile Fracture Criteria Based on Damage Accumulation Rate, Proceedings of 19th Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials (Seoul, Korea), Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, 2005, p 183–197

  8. A.W. Hudgins, D.K. Matlock, J.G. Speer, and C.J. Van Tyne, Predicting Instability at Die Radii in Advanced High Strength Steels, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, 210, p 741–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D.K. Matlock and J.G. Speer, Design Considerations for the Next Generation of Advanced High Strength Steel Sheets, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advanced Structural Steels, H.C. Lee, Ed. (Seoul, Korea), Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, 2006, p 774–781

  10. R.D.K. Misra, S.W. Thompson, T.A. Hylton, and A.J. Boucek, Microstructures of Hot-Rolled High-Strength Steels with Significant Differences in Edge Formability, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, 32A, p 745–759

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Sudo, S. Hashimoto, and S. Kambe, Niobium Bearing Ferrite-Bainite High Strength Hot Rolled Steel with Improved Formability, Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1983, 23, p 303–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Fujita, T. Nonaka, T. Tomoko, H. Taniguchi, K. Goto, and K. Yamazaki, Development of Ultra-High Strength Steel Sheets with Tensile Strength of 980 MPa, SAE Paper No. 2007-01-0341, Steel Innovations, Fatigue Research, Sheet/Hydro/Gas Forming Technology & Advanced High Strength Steel Development, SP 2103, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, USA, 2007, p 51–55

  13. M. Sudo and I. Kokubo, Microstructure-Mechanical Property Relations in Multi-Phase Steel, Scand. J. Met., 1984, 13, p 329–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. T. Takashashi, O. Kawano, Y. Tanaka, and M. Ohara, Fracture Mechanical Study on Edge Flangability of High Tensile Strength Sheet Steels, Steel Processing, Product, and Applications Symposium at MS&T (Warrendale, PA, USA), TMS, 2009

  15. S.B. Lee, “Microstructural Influences on the Fracture Behavior of Multi-Phase Sheet Steels,” Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA, 2005

  16. R.G. Davies, Influence of Silicon and Phosphorus on the Mechanical Properties of Both Ferrite and Dual Phase Steels, Metall. Trans. A, 1979, 10A, p 113–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. X. Fang, Z. Fan, B. Ralph, P. Evans, and R. Underhill, The Relationships Between Tensile Properties and Hole Expansion Property of C-Mn Steels, J. Mater. Sci., 2003, 38, p 3877–3882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Sriram, C. Wong, M. Huang, B. Yan, and D. Urban, Formability Characterization of a New Generation of High Strength Steels, Report No. 0012, American Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap Program Office, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2003

  19. B.S. Levy and C.J. Van Tyne, Failure During Sheared Edge Stretching, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2008, 17, p 842–848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Konieczny and T. Henderson, On Formability Limitations in Stamping Involving Sheared Edge Stretching, SAE Paper No. 2007-01-0340, Steel Innovations, Fatigue Research, Sheet/Hydro/Gas Forming Technology & Advanced High Strength Steel Development, SP 2103, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, USA, 2007, p 41–50

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. B.S. Levy Consultants Ltd, 1700 E. 56th St., Suite 3705, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    B. S. Levy

  2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    C. J. Van Tyne

Authors
  1. B. S. Levy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. J. Van Tyne
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. J. Van Tyne.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Levy, B.S., Van Tyne, C.J. Effect of a Strain-Hardening Rate at Uniform Elongation on Sheared Edge Stretching. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 21, 2147–2154 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0116-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0116-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation