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Filament-Level Modeling of Aramid-Based High-Performance Structural Materials

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Abstract

Molecular statics and molecular dynamics are employed to study the effects of various microstructural and topological defects (e.g., chain ends, axial chain misalignment, inorganic solvent impurities, and sheet stacking faults) on the strength, ductility, and stiffness of p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers/filaments. These fibers can be considered as prototypes for advanced high strength/high-stiffness fibers like Kevlar®, Twaron®, New Star®, etc. While modeling these fibers, it was taken into account that they are essentially crystalline materials consisting of stacks of sheets, with each sheet containing an array of nearly parallel hydrogen-bonded molecules/chains. The inter-sheet bonding, on the other hand, was considered as mainly being of van der Waals or p-electron character. The effects of various deviations of the PPTA fiber structure from that of the perfectly crystalline structure (i.e., microstructural/topological defects) on the material’s mechanical properties are then considered. The results obtained show that while the presence of these defects decreases all the mechanical properties of PPTA fibers, specific properties display an increased level of sensitivity to the presence of certain defects. For example, longitudinal tensile properties are found to be most sensitive to the presence of chain ends, in-sheet transverse properties to the presence of chain misalignments, while cross-sheet transverse properties are found to be most affected by the presence of sheet stacking faults.

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Acknowledgments

The material presented in this article is based on study supported by the Army Research Office (ARO) research contract entitled “Multi-length Scale Material Model Development for Armor-grade Composites,” Contract Number W911NF-09-1-0513, and the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) research contract entitled “Computational Analysis and Modeling of Various Phenomena Accompanying Detonation Explosives Shallow-Buried in Soil” Contract Number W911NF-06-2-0042. The authors are indebted to Bruce LaMattina of ARO for his continuing support and interest in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    M. Grujicic, W. C. Bell, P. S. Glomski & B. Pandurangan

  2. Army Research Laboratory – Weapons & Materials Research Directorate Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD, 21005-5069, USA

    C.-F. Yen & B. A. Cheeseman

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  1. M. Grujicic
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  2. W. C. Bell
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  3. P. S. Glomski
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  4. B. Pandurangan
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  5. C.-F. Yen
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  6. B. A. Cheeseman
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Correspondence to M. Grujicic.

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Grujicic, M., Bell, W.C., Glomski, P.S. et al. Filament-Level Modeling of Aramid-Based High-Performance Structural Materials. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 20, 1401–1413 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9786-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9786-y

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