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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Smart Laminates with Embedded SMA Actuators—Part I: Embedding Techniques and Interface Analysis

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Abstract

Up to now one of the main limits for a large use of shape memory alloys (SMA)-based smart composite structures in the aerospace industry is the lack of useful numerical tools for design. Moreover, technological aspects still need a more detailed investigation. This paper shows how to overcome issues regarding embedding of NiTiNOL wires in carbon fibre/epoxy laminates. A crucial aspect of those structures is related to the load transfer capabilities between the SMA actuators and the host material during their activation. Embedding techniques developed for taking into account problems like thermal and electrical compatibility between actuators and host material and passive/active invasivity are reported in this paper. Simple smart laminates with several actuators were manufactured, tested, and deeply analyzed. In order to characterize the interface in the real operative conditions, pull-out tests were conducted on NiTiNOL wires embedded in composite fiber laminates. The results were compared to standard experiments on wires embedded in pure epoxy resin blocks.

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Abbreviations

As, Af :

austenite start and finish temperature

CFRP:

carbon fiber reinforced plastic

CFRSL:

carbon fiber reinforced smart laminates

CTE:

coefficient of thermal expansion

DOF:

degree of freedom

FE:

finite element

GFRP:

glass fiber reinforced plastic

HF:

hydrofluoric acid

Ms, Mf :

martensite start and finish temperature

OWSME:

one way shape memory effect

OF:

optical fiber

PZT:

piezo-ceramic

QP:

quick-pack

SMA:

shape memory alloys

TWSME:

two way shape memory effect

T g :

glass transition temperature

UD:

uni-directional laminate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Politecnico di Milano, Aerospace Engineering, Milan, Italy

    P. Bettini, M. Riva, G. Sala, L. Di Landro, A. Airoldi & J. Cucco

Authors
  1. P. Bettini
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  2. M. Riva
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  3. G. Sala
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  4. L. Di Landro
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  5. A. Airoldi
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  6. J. Cucco
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Riva.

Additional information

This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies 2008, held September 21-25, 2008, in Stresa, Italy, and has been expanded from the original presentation.

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Bettini, P., Riva, M., Sala, G. et al. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Smart Laminates with Embedded SMA Actuators—Part I: Embedding Techniques and Interface Analysis. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 18, 664–671 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9384-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9384-z

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