Abstract
In recent years, silicon solar cells have reached efficiencies above 24%, which is ensuring rapid progress in the photovoltaic (PV) market. We review herein recent passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) technology and the influence of the contact resistance and temperature dependence on the output properties by using Silvaco technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tools. This numerical simulation indicates efficiency of 24.82% for the n-type monocrystalline PERC cell, with open-circuit voltage of up to 761 mV. PV parameters, such as the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), maximum power (Pmax), fill factor, and efficiency (η), are compared with those of other device architectures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M.Z. Jacobson and M.A. Delucchi, Energy Policy 39, 1154 (2011).
N. Boukortt, S. Patanè, and B. Hadri, Silicon 1, 7 (2018).
M.S. Guney, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 25, 776 (2016).
D. Diouf, J.P. Kleider, T. Desrues, and P.J. Ribeyron, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 159, 291 (2009).
M.A. Green, A.W. Blakers, J. Kurianski, S. Narayanan, J. Shi, T. Szpitalak, M. Taouk, S.R. Wenham, and M.R. Willison, Canberra: Dept. Resour. Energy 83, 266 (1984).
M.A. Green, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 143, 190 (2015).
M.K. Mat Desa, S. Sapeai, A.W. Azhari, K. Sopian, M.Y. Sulaiman, N. Amin, and S.H. Zaidi, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 60, 1516 (2016).
A. Rawat, M. Sharma, D. Chaudhary, S. Sudhakar, and S. Kumar, Sol. Energy 110, 691 (2014).
Silvaco International, Atlas User’s Manual Device Simulation Software (Santa Clara: Silvaco International, 2016).
N. Stem and M. Cid, Mater. Res. 4, 143 (2001).
F. Kløwa, H. Hauga, and S. Erik Fossa, Energy Procedia 43, 18 (2013).
Z. Chen, S.K. Pang, K. Yasutake, and A. Rohatgi, J. Appl. Phys. 74, 2856 (1993).
O. Schultz, S.W. Glunz, G.P. Willeke, et al., Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 12, 553 (2004).
A. Cuevas and D. Macdonald, Sol. Energy 76, 255 (2004).
I. Olindo, J. Klaus, S. Arno, S. René van, and Z. Miro, Solar Energy: The Physics and Engineering of Photovoltaic Conversion, Technologies and Systems, 1st ed. (Cambridge: UIT Cambridge Ltd, 2016), p. 488.
F. Gérenton, F. Mandorlo, J.-B. Brette, and M. Lemiti, Energy Procedia 77, 677 (2015).
D. Diouf, J.P. Kleidera, T. Desruesb, and P.-J. Ribeyronb, Energy Procedia 2, 59 (2010).
M. Dahlinger and K. Carstens, Energy Procedia 92, 450 (2016).
A. Wolf, D. Biro, J. Nekarda, S. Stumpp, A. Kimmerle, S. Mack, and R. Preu, J. Appl. Phys. 108, 124510 (2010).
G. Yang, A. Ingenito, O. Isabella, and M. Zeman, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 158, 84 (2016).
M.A. Green, Solid State Electron. 24, 788 (1981).
A. Shaker and A. Zekry, J. Electron. Devices 8, 293 (2010).
M.K. Mat Desa, S. Sapeai, A.W. Azhari, K. Sopian, M.Y. Sulaiman, N. Amin, and S.H. Zaidi, Renew. Sust. Energy Rev. 60, 1516 (2016).
N. Hernández and A. Morales, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94, 62 (2010).
Renewable Resource Data Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/spectra/am1.5/ (2004).
W. Deng, D. Chen, Z. Xiong, J.W. Dong, F. Ye, H. Li, H. Zhu, M. Zhong, Y. Yang, Y. Chen, Z. Feng, P.P. Altermatt, and P.J. Verlinden, in 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 1 (2015).
F. Kiefer, T. Brendemühl, M. Berger, A. Lohse, S. Kirstein, N. Braun, M. Lehr, F. Heinemeyer, V. Jung, A. Morlier, S. Blankemeyer, I. Kunze, R. Winter, N.P. Harder, T. Dullweber, M. Köntges, and R. Brendel, Energy Procedia 38, 368 (2013).
F. Ye, D. Weiwei, W. Guo, R. Liu, D. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Yang, N. Yuan, J. Ding, Z. Feng, P.P. Altermatt, P.J. Verlinden, in 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 3360 (2016).
H. Hannebauer, T. Dullweber, U. Baumann, T. Falcon, and R. Brendel, Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8, 675 (2014).
R. Antonius, N. Guillevin, A.A. Mewe, A. Suvvi, P. Spinelli, A.W. Weeber, and I. Cesar, Energy Procedia 77, 21 (2015).
S.M. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd ed. (New York: Wiley, 2001).
P. Singh and N.M. Ravindra, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 101, 36 (2012).
A.V. Sachenko, YuV Kryuchenko, V.P. Kostylyov, A.V. Bobyl, E.I. Terukov, S.N. Abolmasov, A.S. Abramov, D.A. Andronikov, M.Z. Shvarts, I.O. Sokolovskyi, and M. Evstigneev, J. Appl. Phys. 119, 225702 (2016).
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by Semiconductor Laboratory (GE01/08), Kuwait University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boukortt, N.E.I., Hadri, B. Simulation of Electrical Characteristics of PERC Solar Cells. J. Electron. Mater. 47, 5825–5832 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6456-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-018-6456-6