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Stable Ferroelectric Behavior of Nb-Modified Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics

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Abstract

Crystal structure, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and electric field-induced strain properties of lead-free Nb-modified 0.96Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-0.04Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 (BKT-BMT) piezoelectric ceramics were investigated. Crystal structure analysis showed a gradual phase transition from tetragonal to pseudocubic phase with increasing Nb content. The optimal piezoelectric property of small-signal d 33 was enhanced up to ∼ 68 pC/N with a lower coercive field (E c) of ∼ 22 kV/cm and an improved remnant polarization (P r) of ∼ 13 μC/cm2 for x = 0.020. A relaxor-like behavior with a frequency-dependent Curie temperature T m was observed, and a high T m around 320°C was obtained in the investigated system. This study suggests that the ferroelectric properties of BKT-BMT was significantly improved by means of Nb substitution. The possible shift of depolarization temperature T d toward high temperature T m may have triggered the spontaneous relaxor to ferroelectric phase transition with long-range ferroelectric order without any traces of a nonergodic relaxor state in contradiction with Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based systems. The possible enhancement in ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties near the critical composition x = 0.020 may be attributed to the increased anharmonicity of lattice vibrations which may facilitate the observed phase transition from a low-symmetry tetragonal to a high-symmetry cubic phase with a decrease in the lattice anisotropy of an undoped sample. This highly flexible (at a unit cell level) narrow compositional range triggers the enhancement of d 33 and P r values.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), as funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST; 2011-0030058).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, 641-773, Republic of Korea

      Arif Zaman, Rizwan Ahmed Malik, Adnan Maqbool,  Ali Hussain, Tae Kwon Song & Myong-Ho Kim

    2. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

      Arif Zaman & Tanveer Ahmed

    3. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

      Adnan Maqbool

    4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

      Ali Hussain

    5. Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, 641-773, Republic of Korea

      Won-Jeong Kim

    Author notes

    1. Arif Zaman, Rizwan Ahmed Malik, and Adnan Maqbool have contributed equally to this work.

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      1. Arif Zaman
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      Correspondence to Myong-Ho Kim.

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      Zaman, A., Malik, R.A., Maqbool, A. et al. Stable Ferroelectric Behavior of Nb-Modified Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 Lead-Free Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics. J. Electron. Mater. 47, 2103–2109 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-6017-4

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