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Cationic Effect on the Electrochemical Characteristics of the Hydrothermally Grown Manganese Dioxide

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Abstract

Hydrothermal growth of manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanostructures was carried out on indium tin dioxide glass substrates at 95°C for 24 h to study the effect of cations such as K+, Li+, and Na+ on their properties. It was observed that presence of cations affected the MnO2 phase and morphology: amorphous MnO2 (no cations) showed columnar-like structure, ε-MnO2 (K+) presented nanowires, α-MnO2 (Na+) was composed of agglomerates of spherical nanoparticles, while β-MnO2 (Li+) consisted of spherical aggregates of nanoparticles. The different electrochemical performance depending on the structure is expected to be useful for application in Li-ion batteries. As-grown ε-MnO2 exhibited lower charge resistance and higher ionic diffusion rate, providing the electrode with enhanced specific discharge capacity of 910 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 98% after 500 scans. Hence, K+ can support tunnel structures and stabilize the structure compared with the smaller cations Na+ and Li+.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, School of Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, 710 04, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    D. Vernardou, M. Apostolopoulou, N. Katsarakis & E. Koudoumas

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, 710 04, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    A. Kazas

  3. Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, 710 04, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    N. Katsarakis & E. Koudoumas

  4. Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 1527, 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    N. Katsarakis

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  1. D. Vernardou
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  2. A. Kazas
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  3. M. Apostolopoulou
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  4. N. Katsarakis
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Correspondence to D. Vernardou.

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Vernardou, D., Kazas, A., Apostolopoulou, M. et al. Cationic Effect on the Electrochemical Characteristics of the Hydrothermally Grown Manganese Dioxide. J. Electron. Mater. 46, 2232–2240 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-5163-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-016-5163-4

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