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Numerical Study on Desulfurization Behavior During Kanbara Reactor Hot Metal Treatment

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Abstract

The hot metal desulfurization in Kanbara Reactor (KR) metal treatment was simulated in this study via a transient-coupled 3D numerical model of the two-phase flow, heat transfer, and particle motion desulfurization processes. The KR impeller stirring was described via the multiple reference frame model. The volume of fluid approach was employed to capture the air-hot metal interface. The particle motion and aggregation were defined by the two-way coupled Euler–Lagrangian method. A desulfurization kinetic model was simultaneously introduced to represent the sulfur mass transfer rate. The effect of the initial diameter of desulfurizing agent (DA) particles on the desulfurization efficiency was quantitatively assessed. The lowest sulfur content was observed in the impeller vicinity and the highest one in the inactive colder liquid metal at the vessel bottom. With the DA particle initial diameter reduction from 3.0 to 0.5 mm, the overall desulfurization rate was increased from 83.2 to 97.1 pct. Insofar the specific surface area of smaller particles exceeded that of larger ones, they had higher motion velocities and heating rates, creating a greater reactivity for the desulfurization. However, desulfurization at the vessel bottom was only slightly enhanced using smaller DA particles, so the overall improvement did not exceed 20 pct. Further enhancement is envisaged by refining the impeller design and particle-adding technique.

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Abbreviations

\(c\) :

Sulfur concentration (kg/m3)

\(\overline{c}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Specific heat of mixture phase at constant pressure (J/(kg·K))

\(D_{{\text{S}}}\) :

Diffusion coefficient of sulfur in hot metal (m2/s)

\(d_{{\text{p}}}\) :

DA particle diameter (m)

\(\overline{E}\) :

Internal energy of the mixture phase (J/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{\text{b}}}\) :

Buoyancy force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{{\text{Coriolis}}}}\) :

Coriolis force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{{\text{centri}}}}\) :

Centrifugal force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{\text{d}}}\) :

Drag force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{\text{g}}}\) :

Gravity force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{\text{l}}}\) :

Lift force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Pressure gradient force (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{{\text{st}}}}\) :

Interfacial tension (N/m3)

\(\vec{F}_{{{\text{vm}}}}\) :

Virtual mass force (N/m3)

\(\overline{H}\) :

Enthalpy of mixture phase (J/kg)

\(\overline{h}\) :

Sensible enthalpy of mixture phase (J/kg)

\(\overline{h}_{{{\text{ref}}}}\) :

Reference sensible enthalpy of mixture phase (J/kg)

\(k_{{{\text{eff}}}}\) :

Effective thermal conductivity (W/(m·K))

\(M_{{{\text{CaO}}}}\) :

Molecular weight of CaO (g/mol)

\(M_{{\text{S}}}\) :

Molecular weight of sulfur (g/mol)

\(m_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Particle mass (kg)

\(p\) :

Local static pressure (Pa)

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number

R :

Ideal gas constant

\(\vec{r}\) :

Position vector

\(Sc\) :

Schmidt number

\(S_{{{\text{des}}}}\) :

Desulfurization rate (kg/s)

\(\vec{S}_{{{\text{mp}}}}\) :

Momentum exchange between hot metal and DA particle

\(Sh\) :

Sherwood number

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

\(T_{{{\text{ref}}}}\) :

Reference temperature (K)

\(t\) :

Time (s)

\(\vec{u}_{{\text{r}}}\) :

Moving reference frame velocity relative to the stationary reference frame (m/s)

\(\vec{v}\) :

Absolute velocity (m/s)

\(\vec{v}_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Particle velocity (m/s)

\(\vec{v}_{{\text{r}}}\) :

Relative velocity (m/s)

\(\vec{v}_{{\text{t}}}\) :

Translational frame velocity (m/s

\(\alpha\) :

Volume fraction of hot metal

\(\beta\) :

Sulfur mass transfer rate (m/s)

\(\delta\) :

Thickness of CaS layer (m)

\(\overline{\mu }\) :

Viscosity of mixture phase (Pa·s)

\(\overline{\rho }\) :

Density of mixture phase (kg/m3)

\(\rho_{{{\text{CaO}}}}\) :

Density of CaO (kg/m3)

\(\overline{\phi }\) :

Physical property of mixture phase

\(\phi_{{\text{g}}}\) :

Physical property of air

\(\phi_{{\text{m}}}\) :

Physical property of hot metal

\(\vec{\omega }\) :

Angular velocity (rad/s

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the financial support of this study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51974211) and the Special Project of Central Government for Local Science and Technology Development of Hubei Province of China (Grant Nos. 2019ZYYD003 and 2019ZYYD076). We also thank the Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. for providing the supporting data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Qiang Wang, Shuyuan Jia, Fangguan Tan, Guangqiang Li & Zhu He

  2. Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Qiang Wang, Shuyuan Jia, Fangguan Tan, Guangqiang Li & Zhu He

  3. National-Provincial Joint Engineering Research Center of High Temperature Materials and Lining Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China

    Zhu He

  4. Baosteel Central Research Institute (R&D Center of Wuhan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.), Wuhan Branch, Wuhan, 430083, China

    Degang Ouyang, Shanhe Zhu & Wei Sun

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  1. Qiang Wang
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Correspondence to Zhu He.

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Manuscript submitted August 23, 2020; accepted January 9, 2021.

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Wang, Q., Jia, S., Tan, F. et al. Numerical Study on Desulfurization Behavior During Kanbara Reactor Hot Metal Treatment. Metall Mater Trans B 52, 1085–1094 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02080-2

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