Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrical and electronic conductivity of CaO-SiO2-FeO x slags at various oxygen potentials: Part I. Experimental results

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The oxygen potential dependences of total electrical and partial electronic/ionic conductivities for ‘FeO’-CaO-SiO2 slags have been studied both experimentally and theoretically in the present work. In the first part of this two-part article, the experimental results are presented for slags with 30 wt pct ‘FeO’ and CaO/SiO2 wt ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. For each slag composition, measurements of total electrical conductivity and electronic transference were made over a range of oxygen potentials and temperatures. The results were used to calculate the partial conductivities. A maximum was achieved in total and electronic conductances as a function of equilibrium CO2/CO. The CO2/CO corresponding to the maximum was shifted to lower values with increasing slag basicity (CaO/SiO2 ratio). The other effect of basicity was increasing total and partial conductivities, with a magnitude that depends on oxygen potential and temperature. The activation energies for ionic and electronic conductances were in similar ranges and decreased with the basicity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Wenjarth: Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1934, vol. 65, pp. 177–87.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. Wenjarth: Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1934, vol. 65, pp. 329–43.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A.E. Martin and G. Derge: Trans. AIME, 1943, vol. 154, pp. 104–15.

    Google Scholar 

  4. C. Wagner and E. Koch: Z. Phys. Chem. B, 1936, vol. 22, p. 439.

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Winand: Proc. Conf. Extraction Metallurgy 81, IMM, London, 1981, pp. 20–33.

    Google Scholar 

  6. D.R. Sadoway: U.S. Patent No. 5,185,068, 1993.

  7. J. Chipman and L.C. Chang: Trans. AIME, 1949, vol. 185, pp. 191–97.

    Google Scholar 

  8. J.O’M. Bockris and J.W. Tomlinson: Research, 1949, vol. 2, pp. 362–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J.O’M. Bockris, J.A. Kitchener, S. Ignatowicz, and J.W. Tomlinson: Trans. Faraday Soc., 1952, vol. 48, pp. 75–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Harasymenko: Trans. Faraday Soc., 1938, vol. 34, pp. 1245–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. P. Harasymenko and G.E. Speight: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1950, vol. 166, pp. 169–83.

    Google Scholar 

  12. H. Inouye, J.W. Tomlinson, and J. Chipman: Trans. Faraday Soc., 1953, vol. 49, pp. 796–801.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.W. Tomlinson and H. Inouye: J. Chem. Phys., 1952, vol. 20, no. 1, p. 193.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M.T. Simnad and G. Derge: J. Chem. Phys., 1953, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 933–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M.T. Simnad, G. Derge, and I. George: Trans. AIME, 1954, vol. 200, pp. 1386–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. E.A. Dancy and D.J. Derge: Trans. AIME, 1966, vol. 236, pp. 1642–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. W.R. Dickson and E.B. Dismukes: Trans. AIME, 1962, vol. 224, pp. 505–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. D.A. Dukelow and G. Derge: Trans. AIME, 1960, vol. 218, pp. 139–40.

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. Ducret, D. Khetpal, and D.R. Sadoway: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. on Molten Salts, H.C. Delong, R.W. Bradshaw, M. Matsunaga, G.R. Stafford, and P.C. Trulove, eds., The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 2002, pp. 347–53.

    Google Scholar 

  20. N.A. Fried, G.K. Rhoads, and D.R. Sadoway: Electrochim. Acta, 2001, vol. 46, pp. 3351–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. N.A. Fried: Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1995.

  22. U.D. Pal, T. DebRoy, and G. Simkovich: Metall. Trans. B, 1985, vol. 16B, pp. 77–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. G.M. Haarberg, K.S. Osen, R.J. Heus, and J.J. Egan: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990, vol. 137 (9), pp. 2777–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. G.M. Haarberg, K.s. Osen, J. Thonstad, R.J. Heus, and J.J. Egan: Metall. Trans. B, 1993, vol. 20B, pp. 728–35.

    Google Scholar 

  25. S.L. Schiefelbein: Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1996.

  26. K.G. Leewis, W.F. Caley, and C.R. Masson: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, H.A. Fine and D.R. Gaskell, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, pp. 685–97.

    Google Scholar 

  27. G.G. Krishna Murthy, A. Hasham, and U.D. Pal: Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1993, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 191–200.

    Google Scholar 

  28. U.B. Pal and D.R. Sadoway: U.S. Patent No. 5,632,800, 1997.

  29. D.E. Woolley and U.D. Pal: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1999, vol. 30B, pp. 877–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. D.E. Woolley and U.D. Pal: Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 2002, vol. 29 (2), pp. 125–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J.L. Speelman, W.F. Caley, and K.G. Leewis: Metall. Trans. B, 1989, vol. 20B, pp. 31–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Sasabe and A. Asamura: Proc. 2nd Int. Symp. on Metallurgical Slags and Fluxes, H.A. Fine and D.R. Gaskell, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA., 1984, pp. 651–67.

    Google Scholar 

  33. O.V. Krylov: Catalysis by Nonmetals, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  34. G. Parravanao: Catal. Rev., 1970, vol. 4 (1), pp. 53–76.

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. Parravanao: Proc. Symp. on Electronic Phenomena in Chemisorption and Catalysis on Semiconductors, K. Hauffe and T.H. Wolkenstein, eds., Moscow, 1968, pp. 111–22.

  36. K. Hauffe: Adv. Catal. Rel. Subj., 1955, vol. 7, pp. 213–57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. T.H. Wolkenstein: Adv. Catal. Rel. Subj., 1960, vol. XII, pp. 189–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Barati and K.S. Coley: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2005, vol. 36B, pp. 169–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y. Li and I.P. Ratchev: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 2002, vol. 33B, pp. 651–60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S.K. EL-Rahaiby, Y. Sasaki, D.R. Gaskell, and G.R. Belton: Metall. Trans. B, 1986, vol. 17B, pp. 307–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Y. Sasaki, S. Hara, D.R. Gaskell, and G.R. Belton: Metall. Trans. B, 1984, vol. 15B, pp. 563–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J. Evans, C.A. Vincent, and P.G. Bruce: Polymer, 1987, vol. 28, pp. 2324–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. P.G. Bruce and C.A. Vincent: J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1987, vol. 225, pp. 1–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. P.G. Bruce, C.A. Vincent, and J. Evans: Solid State Ionics, 1988, vol. 28/30, pp. 918–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Y.C. Yeh, T.Y. Tseng, and D.A. Chang: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1990, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 1992–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. G. Jones and B.C. Bradshaw: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1933, vol. 55, pp. 1780–1800.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. G.J. Janz and R.P.T. Tomkins: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1977, vol. 124, p. 55C.

  48. Y.C. Wu, W.F. Koch, W.J. Hamer, and R.L. Kay: J. Solution Chem., 1987, vol. 16, pp. 985–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Y.C. Wu, K.W. Pratt, and W.F. Koch: J. Solution Chem., 1989, vol. 18, pp. 515–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Y.C. Wu and W.F. Koch: J. Solution Chem., 1991, vol. 20, pp. 390–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. T. Tran, S. Sun, and S. Jahanshahi: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Iron and Steel Society AIME, 1997, pp. 115–23.

  52. R.J. Hundermark, S. Jahanshahi, and S. Sun: Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts, Cape Town, South Africa, 2004, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp. 487–93.

    Google Scholar 

  53. H.J. Engell and P. Vygen: Berichte Bunsengesellschaft, 1968, vol. 72 (1). pp. 5–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Fontana, K. Segers, K. Twite, and R. Winand: TMS-AIME Papers Selection, TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, Metallurgical Society of AIME, Littleton, CO, paper no. A84-39.

    Google Scholar 

  55. E.A. Pastukhov, O.A. Esin, and S.K. Chuchmarev: Sov. Electrochem., 1966, vol. 2, pp. 193–98.

    Google Scholar 

  56. R.J. Hundermark, S. Jahanshahi and S. Sun: Proc. XXII Int. Mineral Processing Congr., L. Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshow, eds., Cape Town, South Africa, 2003, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg, South Africa, pp. 1370–77.

    Google Scholar 

  57. A. Adachi and K. Ogino: Technol. Rep. Osaka Univ., 1957, vol. 7 (224), pp. 121–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. A. Adachi and K. Ogino: Yoyuen (Fused Salt), 1961, vol. 1, p. 151.

    Google Scholar 

  59. V.W.A. Fischer and H.V. Ende: Arch. Eisenhüttenwes., 1951, vol. 22, pp. 417–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. C. Gleitzer: Key. Eng. Mater., 1997, vol. 125–126, pp. 355–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. N.F. Mott: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1968, vol. 1, pp. 1–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. G.N. Greaves: J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1973, vol. 11, pp. 427–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. McMaster University, Canada

    Mansoor Barati Ph.D. student

  2. WP HG Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Mansoor Barati Ph.D. student

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, L8S 4L7, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Kenneth S. Coley (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. Mansoor Barati Ph.D. student
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kenneth S. Coley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Barati, M., Coley, K.S. Electrical and electronic conductivity of CaO-SiO2-FeO x slags at various oxygen potentials: Part I. Experimental results. Metall Mater Trans B 37, 41–49 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-006-0084-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-006-0084-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation