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Measurement of the density and surface tension of Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states

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Abstract

The densities of three Ni-based superalloys have been measured in both liquid and mushy states by both a modified sessile drop method (MSDM) and a modified pycnometric method (MPM) for alloys CMSX-4 and CM186LC, and for CMSX-10 alloy by MSDM only. The surface tensions of liquid CMSX-4, CM186LC, and CMSX-10 superalloys were measured using the sessile drop method. All measurements were carried out in a highly purified argon atmosphere with the oxygen partial pressure of less than 10−19 MPa in the gas outlet. The densities of all superalloys in both liquid and mushy states were found to decrease with increasing temperature. The volume thermal expansion of each superalloy in the mushy state was found to be higher than that in the liquid state. The densities determined by different methods have been critically assessed and recommended values in both liquid and mushy states are given as a linear function of temperature for the three Ni-based superalloys. The surface tension of liquid CMSX-4 superalloy was found to decrease with increasing temperature, while that of liquid CMSX-10 superalloy increases with increasing temperature. The wetting behavior of liquid CM186LC on the alumina substrate was found (1) to differ significantly from that of CMSX-4 and CMSX-10 and (2) to vary with time. A HfO2-rich layer was found in the contact area of CM186LC with the alumina substrate, which could lead to some uncertainty in the value obtained for the surface tension determined for CM186LC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Department of Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom

    Zushu Li (Postdoctoral Research Associate), Kenneth C. Mills & Malcolm McLean (Professors)

  2. the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 804-8550, Kitakyushu-shi, Japan

    Kusuhiro Mukai (Professor Emeritus)

Authors
  1. Zushu Li
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  2. Kenneth C. Mills
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  3. Malcolm McLean
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  4. Kusuhiro Mukai
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Li, Z., Mills, K.C., McLean, M. et al. Measurement of the density and surface tension of Ni-based superalloys in the liquid and mushy states. Metall Mater Trans B 36, 247–254 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-005-0026-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-005-0026-z

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