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Influence of Plastic Deformation on Low-Temperature Surface Hardening of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Gaseous Nitriding

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Abstract

This article addresses an investigation of the influence of plastic deformation on low-temperature surface hardening by gaseous nitriding of two commercial stainless steels: EN 1.4369 and AISI 304. The materials were plastically deformed to several levels of equivalent strain by conventional tensile straining, plane strain compression, and shear. Gaseous nitriding of the strained material was performed in ammonia gas at atmospheric pressure at various temperatures. Microstructural characterization of the as-deformed state and the nitrided case produced included X-ray diffraction analysis, reflected-light microscopy, and microhardness testing. The results demonstrate that a case of expanded austenite develops and that the presence of plastic deformation has a significant influence on the morphology of the nitrided case. The presence of strain-induced martensite favors the formation of CrN, while a high dislocation density in a fully austenitic structure does not lead to such premature nucleation of CrN.

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Notes

  1. This alloy has no AISI equivalent, but in composition is close to AISI 201.

  2. Since this ferrite is not a result of a martensitic transformation of austenite, but rather a thermally activated decomposition product, it is not referred to as martensite. Nonetheless, it cannot be excluded that nitrogen dissolves into ferrite and leads to a tetragonal distortion of the b.c.c. lattice.

  3. In this respect, it is noted that the deformation response upon uniaxial tension and plane stress compression are essentially equivalent.

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Acknowledgments

For the present research work, the authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Fund for Coal and Steel for the financial support to the PressPerfect project. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Sandvik Materials Technology for providing part of the materials used during the investigation and M2i-University of Twente for providing the shear-deformed samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet b.425, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    Federico Bottoli (Ph.D. Student), Grethe Winther (Associate Professor), Thomas L. Christiansen (Senior Researcher) & Marcel A. J. Somers (Section Head, Professor)

Authors
  1. Federico Bottoli
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  2. Grethe Winther
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  3. Thomas L. Christiansen
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  4. Marcel A. J. Somers
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Federico Bottoli or Marcel A. J. Somers.

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Manuscript submitted September 10, 2014.

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Bottoli, F., Winther, G., Christiansen, T.L. et al. Influence of Plastic Deformation on Low-Temperature Surface Hardening of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Gaseous Nitriding. Metall Mater Trans A 46, 2579–2590 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-2832-5

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