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Phase Stability in the Mo-Ti-Zr-C System via Thermodynamic Modeling and Diffusion Multiple Validation

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Abstract

Alloys in the Mo-rich corner of the Mo-Ti-Zr-C system have found broad applications in non-oxidizing environments requiring structural integrity well beyond 1273 K (1000 °C). Alloys such as TZM (Mo-0.5Ti-0.08Zr-0.03C by weight %) and TZC (Mo-1.2Ti-0.3Zr-0.1C by weight) owe much of their high temperature strength and microstructural stability to MC and M2C carbide phases. In turn, the stability of the respective carbides and the subsequent mechanical behavior of the alloys are strongly dependent on the alloying additions and thermal history. A CALPHAD-based thermodynamic modeling approach is employed to develop a quaternary thermodynamic database for the Mo-Ti-Zr-C system. The thermodynamic database thus developed is validated with diffusion multiple experiments and the validated database is exercised to elucidate the effects of alloying and thermal history on the phase equilibrium in Mo-rich alloys.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to a number of individuals whose guidance contributed to this work. Dr. Peter Meschter (now retired from GE Research) provided helpful guidance in the critical assessment of the ternary datasets. Professor Hari Kumar of IIT Chennai made valuable inputs to the assessment of the Mo-Ti-Zr ternary system. Drs. Kirk Rogers, Tom Tiearney, and Greg Steinlage of GE Healthcare provided much of the motivation for better understanding the phase composition of the production of molybdenum alloys. Professor Tresa Pollock of UC Santa Barbara and Dr. Shuwei Ma (formerly of the University of Michigan) provided invaluable assistance in the detailed TEM characterization of a range of molybdenum alloys including that reproduced in Figure 11.

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  1. Sujoy Kumar Kar (Materials Scientist, Assistant Professor)

    Present address: Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. GE Global Research, Bangalore, India

    Sujoy Kumar Kar (Materials Scientist, Assistant Professor)

  2. GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, USA

    Voramon S. Dheeradhada (Materials Scientist) & Don M. Lipkin (Materials Scientist)

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  1. Sujoy Kumar Kar
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  3. Don M. Lipkin
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Correspondence to Sujoy Kumar Kar.

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Manuscript submitted October 15, 2012.

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Kar, S.K., Dheeradhada, V.S. & Lipkin, D.M. Phase Stability in the Mo-Ti-Zr-C System via Thermodynamic Modeling and Diffusion Multiple Validation. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 3999–4010 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1705-z

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