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Bubble Formation at a Submerged Orifice for Aluminum Foams Produced by Gas Injection Method

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Abstract

The bubble formation at a submerged orifice in the process of aluminum foams produced by gas injection method is investigated. The experimental results show that the increase of the gas flow rate and the orifice diameter can lead to increasing of the bubble size. The large orifice can make the frequency of bubble formation decrease by slowing down the increase of the gas chamber pressure when the gas flow rate increases. The effect of the gas chamber volume on the bubble size can be ignored in the experiment when it expands from 1 to 125 cm3. A theoretical model of bubble formation, expansion, and detachment under constant flow conditions is established to predict the bubble size. The theoretical predictions for air-aluminum melt systems are consistent with the experimental results.

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Abbreviations

R e :

Reynolds number

C d :

resistance coefficient

D ni :

inner diameter of orifice, m

Q :

gas flow rate, m3/s

V c :

gas chamber volume, m3

p :

pressure, Pa

T c :

temperature of nozzles, K

m :

virtual mass, kg

v :

velocity of bubble, m/s

t :

time, s

x :

distance between the center of bubble and orifice, m

h e :

distance between the center of bubble and orifice at the end of the expansion stage, m

r :

radius of bubble, m

V :

volume of bubble, m3

V e :

volume of bubble at the end of the first stage, m3

r e :

radius of bubble at the end of the first stage, m

V B :

volume of bubble at the end of the second stage, m3

r B :

radius of bubble at the end of the second stage, m

L :

chord length of cell size, m

ρ l :

liquid density, kg/m3

σ:

surface tension, N/m

η:

viscosity, Pa·s

θ:

angle, rad

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the scientific research program of Zhejiang Province No. 2009C31049.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China

    Xueliu Fan (Master Degree Candidate), Xiang Chen (Associate Professor), Xingnan Liu (Ph.D. Student), Huiming Zhang (Master Degree Candidate) & Yanxiang Li (Professor)

  2. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China

    Xiang Chen (Associate Professor) & Yanxiang Li (Professor)

Authors
  1. Xueliu Fan
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  2. Xiang Chen
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  3. Xingnan Liu
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  4. Huiming Zhang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiang Chen.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted March 7, 2011.

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Fan, X., Chen, X., Liu, X. et al. Bubble Formation at a Submerged Orifice for Aluminum Foams Produced by Gas Injection Method. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 729–737 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1418-8

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