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Effect of Boron on Carbide Coarsening at 873 K (600 °C) in 9 to 12 pct Chromium Steels

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Abstract

The addition of small amounts of boron to 9 to 12 pct chromium steels has been found to decrease their creep rate at 823 K to 923 K (550 °C to 650 °C). In this article, the behavior of boron during austenitizing, tempering, and isothermal heat treatment at 873 K (600 °C) is studied using high-resolution microscopy and microanalysis as well as using atomistic modeling. It was found that increasing the boron content from 9 to 40 ppm decreased the coarsening constant of M23C6 by a factor of almost 2. Most of the added boron was incorporated in M23C6. Atomistic modeling showed that boron diffusion in ferrite is dominated by an interstitial mechanism at 873 K (600 °C). However, the generation of vacancies when carbide precipitates dissolve may promote a distribution with substitutional boron atoms. The absence of a fast mechanism for the transition from substitutional to interstitial occupancy will make the slow substitutional boron diffusion in the matrix rate controlling for the coarsening process.

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Acknowledgments

Close collaboration with John Ågren, Rolf Sandström, and Hans Magnusson of Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, within the CROX project is gratefully acknowledged. Lennart Johansson of Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery is thanked for providing steels KP and KB. Mr K.H. Mayer of ALSTOM Energie Germany and Dr F. Kauffmann of MPA University Stuttgart are acknowledged for providing the TAF B material. Financial support by KME, the Consortium for Materials Technology in Thermal Energy Processes, as well as the Research Foundation of VGB-FORSCHUNGSSTIFTUNG in Germany and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was part of the European COST536 action and collaboration of all members is acknowledged.

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Author notes

  1. Dan H.R. Fors (Ph.D Student, Development Engineer)

    Present address: ABB AB, LV Motors, Örjansgränd 31, 721 70, Västerås, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Fang Liu (Assistant Professor), Dan H.R. Fors (Ph.D Student, Development Engineer), Hans-Olof Andrén (Professors) & Göran Wahnström (Professors)

  2. R&D Center, Sandvik Materials Technology, SE-81181, Sandviken, Sweden

    Ardeshir Golpayegani (Senior Research Engineer)

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  1. Fang Liu
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  2. Dan H.R. Fors
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  4. Hans-Olof Andrén
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Correspondence to Fang Liu.

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Manuscript submitted October 14, 2011.

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Liu, F., Fors, D.H., Golpayegani, A. et al. Effect of Boron on Carbide Coarsening at 873 K (600 °C) in 9 to 12 pct Chromium Steels. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 4053–4062 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1205-6

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