Abstract
The microstructure, thermal cycling, and mechanical behavior of Ni48.5Ti31.5−x Zr20Al x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) alloys were studied in the solution-treated and aged condition using microscopy techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, and compression tests. The microscopy techniques used include optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, and three-dimensional, atom–probe microscopy. The results of this study indicated a strong dependence of the transformation behavior on alloy chemistry and thermal cycling. The aluminum additions served to decrease transformation behaviors from 351 K to 596 K (78 °C to 323 °C) and reduce thermal stability. Additionally, aluminum was shown to increase the plateau stress in the aged condition, whereas the formation of coarse-grained intermetallic phases caused the embrittlement of the microstructure, reducing its ductility. The addition of Al resulted in the refinement of the coarse, lenticular precipitates identified as Ni4(Ti,Zr)3.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
K. Otsuka and X.B. Ren: Intermetallics, 1999, vol. 7, pp. 511–28.
G.B. Kauffman and I. Mayo: Chem. Educ., 1996, vol. 2, pp. 1–21.
K. Otsuka and X. Ren: Prog. Mater. Sci., 2005, vol. 50, pp. 511–678.
S.F. Hsieh and S.K. Wu: Mater. Charact., 1998, vol. 41, pp. 151–62.
Z.W. Feng, B.D. Gao, J.B. Wang, D.F. Qian, and Y.X. Liu: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2002, vols. 394–395, pp. 365–68.
S.F. Hsieh and S.K. Wu: J. Alloys Compd., 1998, vol. 266, pp. 276–82.
K.H. Eckelmeyer: Scr. Metall., 1976, vol. 10, pp. 667–72.
S.F. Hsieh and S.K. Wu: J. Mater. Sci., 1997, vol. 32, pp. 989–96.
K. Oh-ishi, Z. Horita, and M. Nemoto: Mater. Trans., Jpn. Inst. Met. (JIM), 1997, vol. 38, pp. 99–106.
L.J. Meng, Y. Li, X.Q. Zhao, J. Xu, and H.B. Xu: Intermetallics, 2007, vol. 15, pp. 814–18.
J. Jung, G. Ghosh, and G.B. Olson: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 6341–57.
J. Jung: Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 2003.
M.D. Bender: Ph.D. Dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 2008.
O. Rios, R. Noebe, T. Biles, A. Garg, A. Palczer, D. Scheiman, H.J. Seifert, and M. Kaufman: Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng. (SPIE)—Smart Struct. Mater., 2005, vol. 5761, pp. 376–87.
J. Inczédy, T. Lengyel, and A.M. Ure: Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature: Definitive Rules 1997, 3rd ed., Blackwell Science, Osney Mead, Oxford, U.K.,1998, pp. 7–8.
S.D. Han, W.H. Zou, S. Jin, Z. Zhang, and D.H. Yang: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 32, pp. 1441–46.
K. Thompson, D. Lawrence, D.J. Larson, J.D. Olson, T.F. Kelly, and B. Gorman: Ultramicroscopy, 2007, vol. 107, pp. 131–39.
M.K. Miller, K.F. Russell, and G.B. Thompson: Ultramicroscopy, 2005, vol. 102, pp. 287–98.
L.A. Giannuzzi and F.A. Stevie: Micron, 1999, vol. 30, pp. 197–204.
S.K. Wu and S.F. Hsieh: J. Alloys Compd., 2000, vol. 297, pp. 294–302.
K. Otsuka and C.M. Wayman: Shape Memory Materials, 1st ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 1998, pp. 68–71.
S. Miyazaki, Y. Igo, and K. Otsuka: Acta Metall., 1986, vol. 34, pp. 2045–51.
K. Gall, H. Sehitoglu, Y.I. Chumlyakov, I.V. Kireeva, and H.J. Maier: J. Eng. Mater. Technol.—Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. (ASME), 1999, vol. 121, pp. 19–27.
K. Gall, and H. Maier: Acta Mater., 2002, vol. 50, pp. 4643–57.
J. Khalil-Allafi, A. Dlouhy, and G. Eggeler: Acta Mater., 2002, vol. 50, pp. 4255–74.
C.V. Howard and M.G. Reed: Unbiased Stereology: Three-Dimensional Measurement in Microscopy, 1st ed., BIOS Scientific Publishers/Springer, New York, NY, 1998, pp. 55–57.
M.D. Bender and G.B. Olson: Proc. Int. Conf. Martensitic Transform. (ICOMAT'08), TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2010, pp.159–66.
M.A. Meyers and K.K. Chawla: Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 2009, pp. 341–44.
A.M. Sandu, K. Tsuchiya, S. Yamamoto, Y. Todaka, and M. Umemoto: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 55, pp. 1079–82.
J.W. Martin: Concise Encyclopedia of the Structure of Materials, 1st ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2007, pp. 243–46.
Acknowledgments
M.V. Manuel and D.H.D. Hsu acknowledge financial support from National Science Foundation award number CMMI-0824352. G.B. Thompson and T.T. Sasaki recognize NASA grant NNX09AO61A from the NASA FAP Supersonics project, Dale Hopkins, API, for support. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ron Noebe of NASA Glenn Research Center for the fruitful discussions and his scientific insight.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted March 30, 2011.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hsu, D.H.D., Sasaki, T.T., Thompson, G.B. et al. The Effect of Aluminum Additions on the Microstructure and Thermomechanical Behavior of NiTiZr Shape-Memory Alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 43, 2921–2931 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1167-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1167-8