Abstract
The effects of 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 wt pct Zr additions on the microstructure and creep behavior of AZ91 Mg alloy were investigated by impression tests carried out under constant punching stress (σ imp) in the range 100 to 650 MPa, corresponding to the modulus-compensated stress levels of \( {{0.007 \le \sigma_{\text{imp}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.007 \le \sigma_{\text{imp}} } {G \le 0.044}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {G \le 0.044}} \), at temperatures in the range 425 K to 570 K (152 °C to 297 °C). The alloy containing 0.6 wt pct Zr showed the best creep resistance mainly due to the favorable formation of Al3Zr2 and Al2Zr intermetallic compounds, reduction in the volume fraction of the eutectic β-Mg17Al12 phase, and solid solution hardening effects of Al in the Mg matrix. Based on the obtained stress exponents of 4.2 to 6.5 and activation energies of 90.7 to 127.1 kJ/mol, it is proposed that two parallel mechanisms of lattice and pipe-diffusion-controlled dislocation climb compete. Dislocation climb controlled by dislocation pipe diffusion prevails at high stresses, whereas climb of edge dislocations is the controlling mechanism at low stresses.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
MAGREX 36 is a trademark of Foseco, Staffordshire, United Kingdom.
References
I.J. Polmear: Light Alloys, 2nd ed., Chapman and Hall, Inc., New York, NY, 1989, pp. 170–88.
K.U. Kainer: Magnesium Alloys and Technology, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003.
A.A. Luo and M.O. Pekguleryuz: J. Mater. Sci., 1994, vol. 29, pp. 5259–71.
M.O. Pekguleryuz and A.A. Kaya: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2003, vol. 5, pp. 866–78.
A.A. Luo: Int. Mater. Rev., 2004, vol. 49, pp. 13–30.
D. Wenwen, S. Yangshan, M. Xuegang, X. Feng, Z. Min, and W. Dengyun: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2005, vol. A356, pp. 1–7.
Y. Guangyin, S. Yangshan, and D. Wenjiang: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2001, vol. A308, pp. 38–44.
Y. Guangyin, S. Yangshan, and Z. Weiming: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1999, vol. 18, pp. 2055–57.
A.A. Luo, M.P. Balogh, and B.R. Powell: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, vol. 33A, pp. 567–74.
S.M. Zhu, B.L. Mordike, and J.F. Nie: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 1221–29.
S.M. Zhu, B.L. Mordike, and J.F. Nie: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2008, vols. A483–A484, pp. 583–86.
C.C. Jain and C.H. Koo: Mater. Trans., 2006, vol. 47, pp. 433–39.
S.M. Zhu, M.A. Gibson, J.F. Nie, M.A. Easton, and T.B. Abbott: Scripta Mater., 2008, vol. 58, pp. 477–80.
C.J. Boehlert: J. Mater. Sci., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 3675–84.
M.Y. Zheng, S.W. Xu, X.G. Qiao, K. Wu, S. Kamado, and Y. Kojima: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2008, vols. A483–484, pp. 564–67.
E.H. Aigeltinger and R.C. Gifkins: J. Mater. Sci., 1977, vol. 12, pp. 915–18.
T.G. Langdon: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2000, vol. A 283, pp. 266–73.
F. Kabirian and R. Mahmudi: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2009, vol. 11 pp. 189–93.
S.N.G. Chu and J.C.M. Li: J. Mater. Sci., 1977, vol. 12, pp. 2200–08.
H. Deming, C. Yungui, T. Yongbai, L. Hongmei, and N. Gao: Mater. Lett., 2007, vol. 61, pp. 1015–19.
H. Liu, Y. Chen, Y. Tang, S. Wei, and G. Niu: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2007, vol. A464, pp. 124–28.
H. Liu, Y. Chen, Y. Tang, S. Wei, and G. Niu: J. Alloys Compd., 2007, vol. 440, pp. 122–26.
L.L. Peng, F.Q. Yang, J.F. Nie, and J.C.M. Li: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2005, vols. A410–A411, pp. 472–77.
F. Kabirian and R. Mahmudi: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2009, vol. 40A, pp. 116–27.
F. Kabirian and R. Mahmudi: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2009, vol. 40A, pp. 2190–2201.
B. Kondori and R. Mahmudi: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2009, vol. 40A, pp. 2007–15.
G. Nayyeri and R. Mahmudi: Mat. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, vol. 527, pp. 669–76.
R. Mahmudi, A.R. Geranmayeh, and A. Rezaee-Bazzaz: J. Alloys Compd., 2007, vol. A427, pp. 124–29.
W. Blum, Y.J. Li, X.H. Zeng, P. Zhang, B. Von Grossmann, and C. Haberling: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 1721–28.
P. Sepehrband, R. Mahmudi, and F. Khomamizadeh: Scripta Mater., 2005, vol. 52, pp. 253–57.
J.D. Robson and P.B. Prangnell: Acta Mater., 2001, vol. 49, pp. 599–613.
Y.C. Lee, A.K. Dahle, and D.H. StJohn: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, vol. 31A, pp. 2895–2906.
R.L. Crosby and L.W. Higley: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Rep. Invest., 1964, pp. 1–23.
Y. Miyahara, K. Matsubara, Z. Horita, and T.G. Langdon: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 1705–11.
S.C. Wang and C.P. Chou: J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 2008, vol. 197, pp. 116–21.
A.K. Mukherjee, J.E. Bird, and J.E. Dorn: Trans. ASM, 1969, vol. 62, pp. 155–79.
K. Ishikawa, H. Watanabe, and T. Mukai: Mater. Lett., 2005, vol. 59, pp. 1511–15.
T. Reinikainen and J. Kivilahti: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 123–32.
R. Mahmudi, A. Rezaee-Bazzaz, and H.R. Banaie-Fard: J. Alloys Compd., 2007, vol. 429, pp. 192–97.
H.K. Kim and W.J. Kim: J. Mater. Sci., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 6171–76.
F.A. Mohamed and T.G. Langdon: Acta Metall., 1974, vol. 22, pp. 779–88.
P. Yavari and T.G. Langdon: Acta Metall., 1982, vol. 30, pp. 2181–96.
M.D. Mathew, H. Yang, S. Movva, and K.L. Murty: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 36A, pp. 99–105.
H.J. Frost and M.F. Ashby: Deformation Mechanisms Maps, Pergamon Press, London, 1982, pp. 44–48.
N. Ishimatsu, Y. Terada, T. Sato, and K. Ohori: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 243–48.
O.D. Sherby and P.M. Burke: Prog. Mater. Sci., 1967, vol. 1, pp. 325–90.
G. Nayyeri and R. Mahmudi: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, vol. 527, pp. 2087–98.
S.L. Robinson and O.D. Sherby: Acta Metall., 1969, vol. 17, pp. 109–25.
J.R. Spingarn, D.M. Barnnett, and W.D. Nix: Acta Metall., 1979, vol. 27, pp. 1549–61.
H.E. Evans and G. Knowles: Acta Metall., 1977, vol. 25, pp. 963–70.
H. Somekawa, K. Hirai, H. Watanabe, Y. Takigawa, and K. Higashi: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2005, vol. A407, pp. 53–61.
B. Wilshire and C.J. Palmer: Scripta Mater. 2002, vol. 46, pp. 483–88.
M. Regev, E. Aghion, and A. Rosen: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1997, vols. A234–A236, pp. 123–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Manuscript submitted February 16, 2010.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kabirian, F., Mahmudi, R. Effects of Zr Additions on the Microstructure and Impression Creep Behavior of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 41, 3488–3498 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0398-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-010-0398-9