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Effect of annealing time on solute carbon in ultralow-carbon Ti-V and Ti-Nb steels

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Abstract

The influence of annealing temperature and time on solute carbon levels was investigated in four ultralow-carbon (ULC) bake-hardenable steels; two Ti-V ULC steels with different V/C levels and two Ti-Nb ULC steels with different Nb/C levels. Internal-friction and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques were used to understand the precipitation/dissolution behavior in the various steels. An effect of annealing time on the carbon Snoek-peak height was observed in both Ti-V steels and in the Ti-Nb steel having a lower Nb/C ratio. Despite differences between these steels resulting from their composition (and, thus, carbide solubility) differences, after cold rolling and annealing at different temperatures, the maximum Snoek-peak height was achieved after annealing for shorter times in each instance, on the order of 1 minute. The highly stabilized Ti-Nb ULC steel with a higher Nb/C ratio did not show the effect because of the absence of solute carbon. For the Ti-V steels, most of the precipitates examined using STEM contained both Ti and V. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that both the Ti-V steels annealed at 845 °C for 1 minute have greater Ti/V ratios compared to their corresponding Ti-V steels in the as-received (hot-rolled) condition. This behavior is consistent with dissolution of carbides causing the carbon in solution to increase, as indicated by a greater carbon Snoek-peak height for both Ti-V steels in the annealed condition. The reduction in Snoek-peak height at longer annealing times is believed to be associated with segregation to lower-energy defect sites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. the Sabic Technology Center, P.O. Box 11669, 31961, Jobail, Saudia Arabia

    Waleed Al-Shalfan (Senior Researcher)

  2. the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO

    John G. Speer (Professor) & David K. Matlock (Professor)

  3. the Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA

    Kip Findley (Research Professor)

Authors
  1. Waleed Al-Shalfan
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  2. John G. Speer
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  3. David K. Matlock
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  4. Kip Findley
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Al-Shalfan, W., Speer, J.G., Matlock, D.K. et al. Effect of annealing time on solute carbon in ultralow-carbon Ti-V and Ti-Nb steels. Metall Mater Trans A 37, 207–216 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0165-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0165-0

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