Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cementite dissolution at 860 °C in an Fe-Cr-C steel

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, cementite dissolution at 860 °C in SAE 52100 Fe-Cr-C steel is experimentally investigated using optical microscopy and dilatometry, and numerically simulated based on a model proposed to solve a vector-valued Stefan problem with a finite size of austenite cell. It is found that cementite particles are dissolved very rapidly in the initial stage and then the dissolution gradually slows as a result of the change of the concentration slope at the interface of both carbon and chromium. At the end of the dissolution process, carbon is homogeneously distributed over the austenite grain, while the chromium distribution is inhomogeneous. Nevertheless, it is also found from image analysis that during the later stage of the dissolution, the size and particle density do not decrease simultaneously, which is not taken into account by the numerical model. When applied to a thermal treatment for bainitic transformation at 230 °C, cementite dissolution at 860 °C is found to increase the incubation time and to decrease the transformation rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. Molinder: Acta Metall., 1955, vol. 4, pp. 565–71.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D.V. Shtansky, K. Nakai, and Y. Ohmori: Acta Mater., 1999, vol. 47, pp. 2619–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Z.K. Liu, L. Höglund, B. Jönsson, and J. Ågren: Metall. Trans. A, 1991, vol. 22A, pp. 1745–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Hillert, K. Nilsson, and L.E. Tördahl: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1971, vol. 209, pp. 49–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. F.V. Nolfi, P.G. Shewmon, and J.S. Foster: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, pp. 1427–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Ågren: J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1982, vol. 43, pp. 385–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Atkinson, T. Akbay, and R.C. Reed: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 2013–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Gullberg: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1973, vol. 211, pp. 59–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. J. Ågren and G.P. Vassilev: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1984, vol. 64, pp. 95–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Thornton, J. Ågren, and P.W. Voorhees: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 5675–710.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Umbrello, J. Hua, and R. Shivpuri: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2004, vol. 374A, pp. 90–100.

    Google Scholar 

  12. F.C. Akbasoglu and D.V. Edmons: Metall. Trans. A, 1990, vol. 21A, pp. 889–93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Y.B. Guo and C.R. Liu: J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 2002, vol. 124, pp. 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: Bainite in Steels, 2nd ed., Institute of Materials, London, 2001, pp. 387–88.

    Google Scholar 

  15. N.V. Luzginova, L. Zhao, A. Wauthier, and J. Sietsma: Mater. Sci. Forum, vols. 500–501, pp. 419–26.

  16. J.S. Kirkaldy and D.J. Young: Diffusion in the Condensed State, The Institute of Metals, London, 1987, pp. 254–55.

    Google Scholar 

  17. H.B. Aaron and G.R. Kotler: Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 393–408.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M.J. Whelan: Met. Sci. J., 1969, vol. 3, pp. 95–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. F.J. Vermolen and C. Vuik: J. Comp. Appl. Math., 2005, vol. 176, pp. 179–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. F.J. Vermolen, P. van Mourik, and S. van der Zwaag: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1997, vol. 13, pp. 308–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. W.D. Murray and F. Landis: Trans. ASME, 1959, vol. 245, pp. 106–12.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. van der Ven and L. Delaey: Progr. Mater. Sci., 1996, vol. 40, pp. 181–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. R.L. Burden and J.D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, 7th ed., Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA, 2001, pp. 602–08.

    Google Scholar 

  24. S.S. Babu and H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1995, vol. 14, pp. 314–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. W.F. Gale and T.C. Totemeier: Smithells Metals Reference Book, 8th ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2004, Chapter 13, p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  26. L. Zhao, T.A. Kop, V. Rolin, J. Sietsma, A. Mertens, P.J. Jacques, and S. van der Zwaag: J. Mater. Sci., 2002, vol. 37, pp. 1585–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R.C. Reed and J.H. Root: Scripta Mater., 1998, vol. 38, pp. 95–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. D.J. Dyson and B. Holmes: J. Iron Steel Inst., May 1970, pp. 469–74.

  29. M. Onink, C.M. Brakman, F.D. Tichelaar, E.J. Mittemeijer, S. van der Zwaag, J.H. Root, and N.B. Konyer: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1993, vol. 29, pp. 1011–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y.L. Tian and R.W. Kraft: Metall. Trans. A, 1987, vol. 18A, pp. 1359–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. E.L. Brown and G. Krauss: Metall. Trans. A, 1986, vol. 17A, pp. 31–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. X.Y. Wang, R.J. Zhang, and J. Wang: Acta Metall. Sinica, 2004, vol. 40, pp. 434–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. Luo, L. Zhao, S.O. Kruijver, J. Sietsma, and S. van der Zwaag: Iron Steel Inst. Jpn. Int., 2003, vol. 43, pp. 1219–27.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Mertens, P. Jacques, R. Lazarova, L. Zhao, J. Sietsma, and F. Delannay: J. Phys. IV, 2001, vol. 11, pp. Pr8-223–Pr8-228.

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. Papaefthymiou, W. Bleck, S. Kruijver, J. Sietsma, L. Zhao, and S. van der Zwaag: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2004, vol. 20, pp. 201–06.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia: J. Phys., 1982, vol. C4, pp. 443–48.

    Google Scholar 

  37. T.A. Kop, J. Sietsma, and S. van der Zwaag: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2001, vol. 17, pp. 1569–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands

    L. Zhao (Scientist)

  2. Department of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands

    F. J. Vermolen (Assistant Professor)

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands

    L. Zhao (Scientist) & J. Sietsma (Associate Professor)

  4. Netherlands Institute for Metals Research, 57283, Maizières-lès-Metz, Cedex, France

    A. Wauthier (Undergraduate Student, Postdoctoral Student)

  5. Arcelor Research S.A., 57283, Maizières-lès-Metz, Cedex, France

    A. Wauthier (Undergraduate Student, Postdoctoral Student)

Authors
  1. L. Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. J. Vermolen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Sietsma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Wauthier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhao, L., Vermolen, F.J., Sietsma, J. et al. Cementite dissolution at 860 °C in an Fe-Cr-C steel. Metall Mater Trans A 37, 1841–1850 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0127-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0127-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation