Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Nanoparticle Type and Surfactant on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Spray Cooling

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids used in spray cooling systems were examined. Three nanofluids, i.e., Cu, CuO, and Al2O3, respectively, with volume fractions ranging from 0.1% to 0.5%, as well as different volume fractions of a surfactant Tween 20, were used. In addition, their contact angles were measured to examine the heat-transfer characteristics. Under the same experimental conditions, with the increase in the volume fraction of the Cu nanoparticles from 0.1% to 0.5%, the maximum heat flux qmax increased from 3.36 MW/m2 to 3.48 MW/m2 from the impinging central point to r = 30 mm (r is the distance from the impingement point), and the corresponding temperature of qmax increased from 400°C to 420°C. Results revealed that with increasing Tween 20 concentrations, the contact angle decreased because of the decrease in the surface tension of nanofluids and improvement of the wetting ability, and the corresponding qmax increased from 3.48 MW/m2 to 3.94 MW/m2 at the impact central point.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

a :

thermal diffusivity/m2·s−1

C :

specific heat capacity/J·kg−1·K−1

q :

heat flux/MW·m−2

q :

max maximum heat flux/MW·m−2

r :

the distance from the impingement point

T :

temperature/K

T :

a actual temperature/K

T :

c calculation temperature/K

T :

max temperature at maximum heat flux/K

t :

the time/s

t :

max the time at maximum heat flux/s

x :

thickness/m

References

  1. Cox S.D., Hardy S.J., Parker D.J., Influence of runout table operation setup on hot strip quality, subject to initial strip condition: heat transfer issues. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2001, 28(5): 363–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chester N.L., Wells M.A., Prodanovic V., Effect of inclination angle and flow rate on the heat transfer during bottom jet cooling of a steel plate. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2012, 134(12): 122201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Xie J.L., Zhao R., Duan F., et al., Thin liquid film flow and heat transfer under spray impingement. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012, 48: 342–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wongcharee K., Chuwattanakul V., Eiamsa-ard S., Heat transfer of swirling impinging jets with TiO2-water nanofluids. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2017, 114: 16–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang Y., Liu M., Liu D., et al., Experimental study on the effects of spray inclination on water spray cooling performance in non-boiling regime. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2010, 34(7): 933–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Aamir M., Qiang L., Xun Z., et al., Ultra fast spray cooling and critical droplet daimeter estimation from cooling rate. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 2014, 2(04): 259–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Agrawal C., Lyons O.F., Kumar R., et al., Rewetting of a hot horizontal surface through mist jet impingement cooling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 58(1-2): 188–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Suresh S., Venkitaraj K.P., Selvakumar P., et al., Synthesis of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using two step method and its thermo physical properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2011, 388(1-3): 41–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chakraborty S., Sarkar I., Ashok A., et al., Thermo-physical properties of Cu-Zn-Al LDH nanofluid and its application in spray cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 141: 339–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kolsi L., Hussein A., Borjini M., et al., Computational analysis of three-dimensional unsteady natural convection and entropy generation in a cubical enclosure filled with water-Al2O3 nanofluid. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2014, 39(11): 7483–7493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Al-Rashed A., Kalidasan K., Kolsi L., et al., Mixed convection and entropy generation in a nanofluid filled cubical open cavity with a central isothermal block. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2018, 135: 362–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Fan L.W., Li J.Q., Li D.Y., et al., The effect of concentration on transient pool boiling heat transfer of graphene-based aqueous nanofluids. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015, 91: 83–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Karimzadehkhouei M., Shojaeian M., Şendur K., et al., The effect of nanoparticle type and nanoparticle mass fraction on heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 109: 157–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sundar L.S., Sharma K.V., Singh M.K., et al., Hybrid nanofluids preparation, thermal properties, heat transfer and friction factor–a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 68: 185–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee D., Irmawati N., Investigation on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in spray cooling systems using nanofluids. Dynamics, 2015, 9(8): 1409–1413.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jha J., Ravikumar S., Tiara A., et al., Ultrafast cooling of a hot moving steel plate by using alumina nanofluid based air atomized spray impingement. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 75: 738–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mohapatra S.S., Ravikumar S.V., Verma A., et al., Experimental investigation of effect of a surfactant to increase cooling of hot steel plates by a water jet. Journal of Heat transfer, 2013, 135(3): 032101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mohapatra S.S., Ravikumar S.V., Andhare S., et al. Experimental study and optimization of air atomized spray with surfactant added water to produce high cooling rate. Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer, 2012, 19(5): 397–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Clay M.A., Miksis M.J., Effects of surfactant on droplet spreading. Physics of Fluids, 2004, 16(8): 3070–3078.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gradeck M., Ouattara A., Maillet D., et al., Heat transfer associated to a hot surface quenched by a jet of oil-inwater emulsion. Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science, 2011, 35(5): 841–847.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Drzazga M., Lemanowicz M., Dzido G., et al., Preparation of metal oxide-water nanofluids by two-step method. Inżynieria I Aparatura Chemiczna, 2012, 51(5): 213–215.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ravikumar S.V., Jha J.M., Sarkar I., et al., Mixed-surfactant additives for enhancement of air-atomized spray cooling of a hot steel plate. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014, 55: 210–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang X., Basaran O.A., Dynamic surface tension effects in impact of a drop with a solid surface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1997, 187(1): 166–178.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jeong Y.H., Chang W.J., Chang S.H., Wettability of heated surfaces under pool boiling using surfactant solutions and nano-fluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008, 51(11-12): 3025–3031.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sarafraz M.M., Kiani T., Hormozi F., Critical heat flux and pool boiling heat transfer analysis of synthesized zirconia aqueous nano-fluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 70: 75–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Khaleduzzaman S.S., Mahbubul I.M., Shahrul I.M., et al., Effect of particle concentration, temperature and surfactant on surface tension of nanofluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 49: 110–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yang Y.M., Maa J.R., Pool boiling of dilute surfactant solutions. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1983, 105(1): 190–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chol S.U.S., Estman J.A., Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Website: https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/196525 (accessed in 2018).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hwang Y.J., Ahn Y.C., Shin H.S., et al., Investigation on characteristics of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids. Current Applied Physics, 2006, 6(6): 1068–1071.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Xue Q.Z., Model for effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Physics Letters A, 2003, 307(5-6): 313–317.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Teja A.S., Beck M.P., Yuan Y., et al., The limiting behavior of the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles and nanofluids. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 107(11): 114319.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ravikumar S.V., Jha J.M., Sarkar I., et al., Enhancement of heat transfer rate in air-atomized spray cooling of a hot steel plate by using an aqueous solution of non-ionic surfactant and ethanol. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 64(1-2): 64–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Bhattacharya P., Samanta A., Chakraborty S., Spray evaporative cooling to achieve ultra fast cooling in runout table. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2009, 48(9): 1741–1747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Crafton E., Black W., Heat transfer and evaporation rates of small liquid droplets on heated horizontal surfaces. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(6-7): 1187–1200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ma X., Su F., Chen J., et al., Heat and mass transfer enhancement of the bubble absorption for a binary nanofluid. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2007, 21(11): 1813–1818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Karwa N., Experimental study of water jet impingement cooling of hot steel plates. tuprints, Darmstadt, Germany, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Tseng A.A., Bellerová H., Pohanka M., et al., Effects of titania nanoparticles on heat transfer performance of spray cooling with full cone nozzle. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014, 62(1): 20–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Cheng L., Mewes D., Luke A., Boiling phenomena with surfactants and polymeric additives: a state-of-the-art review. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007, 50(13-14): 2744–2771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was jointly supported by National Key R & D Plan (Project No. 2017YFB0305103), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51404058), the fundamental research funds for the central universities (Grant No. N150704005), and the open project of the RAL at Northeastern University (Grant No. 2016006).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The state key laboratory of rolling and automation (RAL), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Bingxing Wang, Zhixue Liu, Bo Zhang, Yue Xia, Zhaodong Wang & Guodong Wang

Authors
  1. Bingxing Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhixue Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yue Xia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhaodong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Guodong Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhixue Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, B., Liu, Z., Zhang, B. et al. Effect of Nanoparticle Type and Surfactant on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Spray Cooling. J. Therm. Sci. 29, 708–717 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-020-1212-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-020-1212-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation